A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

mean pressure, but also to reduce the rate of rise of the arterial pressure wave. Classification of β-adrenoceptor antagonists β ...

central nervous system side effects (e.g. nightmares) occur more commonly. Polar (water-soluble) beta-blockers (e.g. atenolol) a ...

Drug interactions Intravenousverapamilcan cause circulatory collapse in patients treated concomitantly with β-adrenoceptor antag ...

OTHER ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS Other important drugs (aldosterone antagonists, other vasodilators and centrally acting drugs) are ...

MINOXIDIL Minoxidilworks via a sulphate metabolite which activates K channels. This relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reducing pe ...

FURTHER READING Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of am ...

●Pathophysiology 196 ●Management of stable angina 196 ●Management of unstable coronary disease 198 ●Drugs used in ischaemic hear ...

MANAGEMENT OFSTAB LEANGINA 197 order to prevent pain. Alternatively, long-acting nitrates (e.g. isosorbide mononitrate) may be t ...

198 ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE lesions whose symptoms are not adequately controlled by medical therapy alone. Several antiplatelet ...

MANAGEMENT OFUNSTABLECORONARYDISEASE 199 Infarct limitation In centres where immediate access is available to the cardiac cathet ...

patients post-myocardial infarction with left ventricular dys- function or heart failure. Treatable complications These may occu ...

DRUGSUSED INISCHAEMICHEARTDISEASE 201 Mechanism of action GTNworks by relaxing vascular smooth muscle. It is metabo- lized by sm ...

maximizing its cardiovascular benefits. Aspirinacetylates platelet COX as platelets circulate through portal venous blood (where ...

DRUGSUSED INISCHAEMICHEARTDISEASE 203 FURTHER READING Carbajal EV, Deedwania P. Treating non-ST-segment elevation ACS. Pros and ...

●Introduction 204 ●Pathophysiology of thrombosis 204 ●Anticoagulants 205 ●Antiplatelet drugs 208 ●Anticoagulants in pregnancy an ...

ANTICOAGULANTS 205 the activity of the coagulation pathway and there is an increased risk of venous thrombosis associated with p ...

heparinshould be used rather than low-molecular-weight preparations in patients with significant renal dysfunction. UNFRACTIONAT ...

that the pharmacodynamic response is closely related to plasma concentration and its pharmacokinetics are more pre- dictable tha ...

208 ANTICOAGULANTS AND ANTIPLATELETDRUGS appear in breast milk in clinically relevant amounts. There is substantial variation be ...

ANTICOAGULANTS INPREGNANCY ANDPUERPERIUM 209 used with apparent benefit in acute retinal vessel thrombosis and in patients with ...