A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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PART VII FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES ...

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●Introduction 273 ●Volume overload (salt and water excess) 273 ●Diuretics 274 ●SIADH: overhydration 276 ●Volume depletion 277 ●D ...

CIRRHOSIS Fluid retention in cirrhosis usually takes the form of ascites, portal hypertension leading to loss of fluid into the ...

concentration falls without accumulation of any unmeasured anions, giving a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis, as in renal tubula ...

Uses Thiazides are used in: hypertension (Chapter 28) 2.mild cardiac failure (Chapter 31); 3.resistant oedema – thiazides or re ...

is sometimes caused by drugs, notably the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, which stimulates ADH release from the pos- terior pituit ...

absorbed through the nasal mucosa for it to be administered intranasally. It is selective for V 2 -receptors and lacks the pres- ...

or with potassium-sparing diuretics (see above). Hyper- kalaemia is particularly likely to occur in patients with impaired renal ...

DRUGS FOR PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION Prostatic obstruction is often managed surgically. Symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy may ...

Greger R, Lang F, Sebekova, Heidland A. Action and clinical use of diuretics. In: Davison AMA, Cameron JS, Grunfeld J-P et al (e ...

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PART VIII THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ...

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●Introduction 285 ●Pathophysiology 285 ●Principles of management 286 ●Diet in diabetes mellitus 286 ●Drugs used to treat diabete ...

can cause retinal haemorrhage and blindness. Cataracts are common. Diabetic neuropathy causes a glove and stocking distribution ...

in prefilled injection devices (‘pens’) which are convenient for patients. The small dose of soluble insulin controls hyper- gly ...

Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma Lessinsulinis required in this situation, as the blood pH is normal and insulinsensitivity is reta ...

Metforminshould be withdrawn and insulinsubstituted before major elective surgery. Plasma creatinine and liver function tests sh ...