Chemistry, Third edition

Bonding Between Atoms Objectives Explains why elements react Describes the extreme types of bonding between atoms Links the p ...

IONIC BONDING 47 obtain these stable arrangements, atoms may gain, lose or share electrons. These processes are generally repres ...

48 4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS (see Box 4.1). The chlorine atom that has accepted an electron now has 17 protons and 18 electrons, ...

IONIC BONDING 49 Example 4.1 Magnesium reacts with fluorine to form magnesium fluoride. Write an equation to describe the bondin ...

4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS In the unit cell, each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions and each chlo- ride ion is surrou ...

IONIC BONDING Properties of ionic compounds Ionic compounds have certain properties common to all of them: High melting and boi ...

4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS When ionic bonding is likely to occur Ionic bonding occurs between elements when the energy required t ...

COVALENT BONDING its atoms to achieve the stable electronic arrangement of a noble gas. The structural formulaof the molecule is ...

54 4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS Example 4.3 (continued)  Comment The structural formula of CCl 4 is written as Cl | Cl—C—Cl | Cl W ...

COVALENT BONDING 55 BOX 4.4 Families of carbon compounds Carbon forms many, many covalent compounds in which the carbon atoms ar ...

4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS Low solubility in water Covalent compounds do not contain ions and therefore do not mix so readily w ...

IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS – TWO EXTREMES where ‘——’ represents a covalent bond, where one electron has been donated from each ...

4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS Here,means ‘slightly’: the hydrogen end of the bond is slightly positively charged and the other end ...

IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS – TWO EXTREMES Polarization in ionic compounds A small, positively charged ion (a cation) in an ion ...

4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS Ionic compounds with polyatomic ions Both ionic and covalent bonding exist within some compounds. Cons ...

RESONANCE STRUCTURES same length; this bond length is shorter than would be expected for a C–O bond, but longer than that for C= ...

4 · BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS Revision questions 62 4.1.Write Lewis symbols for the following atoms: (i)Li (ii)B (iii)N (iv)O (v)Si ...

More about Bonding Objectives Discusses exceptions to the octet rule Explains how we can predict the shapes of molecules Dist ...

64 5 · MORE ABOUT BONDING temperature, but the central atoms do not have a stable octet of electrons surround- ing them. For exa ...

SHAPES OF MOLECULES Shapes of molecules If we can draw Lewis structures for covalent molecules, we can predict their shapes by a ...