Chemistry, Third edition

8 · THE MOLE Finding molecular formulae The simplest formula is not always the ‘true’ or molecular formula: it is only the simpl ...

CALCULATING AMOUNTS FROM EQUATIONS Water of crystallization The formulae of some ionic compounds may be written as AB ·nH 2 O, w ...

128 8 · THE MOLE Example 8.7 What mass of iodine will react completely with 10 g of aluminium to form aluminium iodide (Al 2 I 6 ...

CALCULATING GAS VOLUMES Calculating gas volumes When gases are involved in reactions, it is easier to measure their volumes rath ...

130 8 · THE MOLE Percentage yield The previous calculations can be used to find out how much product you would expect, if you ca ...

LIMITING REAGENTS 131 Example 8.9 Methane is converted to carbon dioxide and water when burned in a plentiful supply of oxygen ( ...

132 8 · THE MOLE Example 8.10 In order to understand the idea of a limiting reagent, imagine that you are packing biscuits. If e ...

REVISION QUESTIONS 133 Limiting reagents (i) What is the limiting reagent when 0.5 mol of solid phosphorus and 0.5 mol of oxygen ...

8 · THE MOLE 8.7.(i)Whatmassof oxygen would be produced by heating 4.25 g of sodium nitrate? 2NaNO 3 (s)2NaNO 2 (s)O 2 (g) (ii ...

Calculating Concentrations Objectives Describes how the concentrations of solutions can be expressed in appropriate units Give ...

136 9 · CALCULATING CONCENTRATIONS In general for solutions, amount of substance in mol volumemolar concentration When using t ...

CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS Ion concentrations When ionic solids are dissolved in water, they are regarded as completely ionized ...

138 9 · CALCULATING CONCENTRATIONS Standard solutions Astandard solutionis a solution of known concentration. Primary standardsa ...

Diluting standard solutions A dilute standard solution can also be made by carefully diluting a more concentrated standard solut ...

140 9 · CALCULATING CONCENTRATIONS Example 9.3 How much of a sodium chloride solution, of concentration 0.500 mol dm^3 , would ...

The equivalence point is reached when the reactants have reacted together in an exact ratio of quantities, as given in the balan ...

142 9 · CALCULATING CONCENTRATIONS Example 9.4 (continued) Express this ratio as a fraction: amount of HCl in moles 1 amount of ...

permanganate will be present. The excess is shown when the reacting mixture turns pale pink. The half-reaction for the reduction ...

144 9 · CALCULATING CONCENTRATIONS Reactions of solids with solutions Calculations involving the reaction of a solid with a solu ...

Gravimetric analysis When two solutions react together to form an insoluble product, the concentration of one of the solutions c ...