Chemistry, Third edition

6 · REACTIONS OF IONS IN SOLUTION Producing ions in water by chemical reaction The dissolution of an ionic salt is an example of ...

PRODUCING IONS IN WATER BY CHEMICAL REACTION The reaction between HCl gas and water makes hydrogen chloride extremely soluble in ...

Fig. 6.3Always add acid to water, never water to acid. 6 · REACTIONS OF IONS IN SOLUTION Reaction of pure sulfuric acid with wat ...

PRODUCING IONS IN WATER BY CHEMICAL REACTION 89 bubbling the gas through the acid contained in a glass bottle. However, the gree ...

90 6 · REACTIONS OF IONS IN SOLUTION Heating a mixture of ammonium and hydroxide ions causes them to recombine making ammonia ga ...

REACTIONS OF ACIDS Bases and alkalis A base is a substance that reacts with an acid in solution producing a salt and water only. ...

92 6 · REACTIONS OF IONS IN SOLUTION Reaction with bases (neutralization) Acids neutralize bases, producing a salt and water o ...

REACTIONS OF ACIDS 93 The reaction of organic bases such as propylamine C 3 H 7 NH 2 with acids also produces salts: C 3 H 7 NH ...

6 · REACTIONS OF IONS IN SOLUTION Reaction with carbonates and hydrogencarbonates All acids react with carbonates to produce c ...

REACTIONS OF THE HYDROXIDE ION 95 Acids produced when gases CO 2 , SO 2 and NO 2 dissolve in water Carbon dioxide and sulfur dio ...

96 6 · REACTIONS OF IONS IN SOLUTION Neutralization of acids The OH(aq) ion neutralizes acids giving a salt and water only. ...

USE OF REACTIONS IN IDENTIFICATION OF IONS IN SOLUTION Zinc and aluminium ions may be distinguished by heating a small amount of ...

98 6 · REACTIONS OF IONS IN SOLUTION Identification of unknowns (i)A colourless solution CD contains an anion C and a cation D. ...

REVISION QUESTIONS 99 6.4.Write chemical andionic equations for the reaction of: (i) magnesium carbonate with dilute sulfuric ac ...

Oxidation and Reduction Objectives Defines oxidation, reduction and redox reaction Explains how to work out oxidation numbers ...

REDOX REACTIONS 101 reactions tend to be very similar. It is reasonable to expect that copper undergoes much the same process he ...

102 7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Oxidation numbers Theoxidation numberoroxidation stateof an atom is a positive or negative numbe ...

OXIDATION NUMBERS Rules for working out oxidation numbers 1.The oxidation number of an atom of a free elementiszero. For example ...

7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Oxidizing and reducing agents Anoxidizing agentis a substance that takes up electrons during a chemi ...

WRITING AND BALANCING REDOX EQUATIONS 105 Example 7.2 Write the overall redox equation for the oxidation of iron(II) ions to iro ...