Chemistry, Third edition

106 7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION BOX 7.2 The breathalyser The first type of breathalyser, still in use today, was a disposable de ...

REDOX COUPLES Redox couples Think of a piece of zinc metal, Zn(s), dipped in a solution of silver ions, Ag(aq). A reaction is s ...

7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Thestandard hydrogen electrode(SHE; Fig. 7.3) is a hydrogen electrode where H(aq) and H 2 (g) are i ...

REDOX COUPLES 2.asalt bridge(a glass tube that contains a saturated solution of an ionic salt, such as KNO 3 ) which completes t ...

110 7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION (consisting of pure Zn metal dipped into 1 mol dm^3 Zn^2 (aq)) connected by a salt bridge. If ...

REDOX COUPLES 111 Key points about the standard electrode potentials of redox couples 1.E° values are also known as standard re ...

112 7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Predicting whether reactions can occur Standard electrode potentials (E°values) may be used to ...

ACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS 113 Activity series of metals The more negative the standard electrode potential, E°, of a redox coup ...

7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Corrosion of iron Rusting Many metals, including iron, react with air and/or water (corrode). The re ...

REDOX REACTIONS IN NATURE zinc oxide, which protects it from further corrosion – the zinc becomes passive. Covering a metal with ...

7 · OXIDATION AND REDUCTION The availability of nitrogen to plants (and therefore to animals) is vital for produc- ing food. Thi ...

REVISION QUESTIONS electron carriers. They accept electrons from better reducing agents and give electrons to better oxidizing a ...

The Mole Objectives Explains why chemists work in moles Describes how to perform chemical calculations, involving masses and g ...

MOLES 119 Moles The mole How do you identify a chemist? One simple way is to ask the question: ‘What is a mole?’ A keen gardener ...

8 · THE MOLE The particles might be atoms, molecules or ions. Such particles are very small, so in order that the amounts involv ...

MOLES Relationship between moles, molar mass and the mass of substance To convert a mass of substance into moles the following e ...

122 8 · THE MOLE Example 8.1 How many moles of hydrated copper(II) sulfate (CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O) are contained in 5.00 g of the subs ...

MOLES 123 Fig. 8.2An experiment to estimate the Avogadro constant. Simple experiment to estimate the Avogadro constant Oil sprea ...

8 · THE MOLE Determining formulae by experiment To work out a formula by experiment, it is necessary to find out how many moles ...

PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION BY MASS Simplest formula Just as the percentage composition by mass can be calculated from the formula of ...