BioPHYSICAL chemistry
144 PARTI THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS usually determined by measurement of the temperature depend- ence of the reaction. The tem ...
DA →D+A− (7.29) In Marcus theory, the transfer is an activated pro- cess and the electron transfer rate,ket, can be divided into ...
One of the key aspects of Marcus theory is that it makes a basic prediction that the specific properties of the donor and accept ...
Enzymes One of the fundamental conditions for life is that an organism must be able to catalyze chemical reactions efficiently a ...
not only have a remarkable degree of specificity for their substrates, but they also accelerate reactions tremendously under mil ...
initial and final states is not altered and the equilibrium is not changed. Rather, enzymes alter the transitional state of the ...
Enzyme mechanisms Although the specific mechanism by which enzymes stabilize the transitional state is unique for each protein, ...
Structural fluctuations may not only influence the binding of substrates to the active sites but they may also play a fundamenta ...
Because the rate-limiting step is the second reaction, the rate of the overall reaction is determined by the second step and is ...
the concentration of the freeenzyme, [E], and the concentration of the substrate, [S]: (7.40) Whereas the first step results in ...
154 PARTI THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS In the last expression, the term (kb 1 +kf 2 )/kf 1 has been replaced with theMichaelis co ...
CHAPTER 7 KINETICS AND ENZYMES 155 Thus, the value of the maximum velocity can be found by an extrapolation of the curve, and th ...
enzyme reactions that proceed in two steps, the parameter KMis given by the ratio of the rates (eqn 7.44). (7.50) When the enzym ...
aqueous solution. The maximum limit of 10^8 –10^9 M−^1 s−^1 has been achieved by some enzymes. Enzymes can often catalyze reacti ...
slopes have changed according to the apparent change in KM. For the uncompetitive inhibitor, theapparent maximum velocity is dec ...
is how these early molecules gained the capacity for self-replication. In organisms today, nucleic acids encode genetic informat ...
Shortly after Cech and Altman discovered the catalytic properties of RNA, the ideal of an RNA world in which early life consiste ...
Problems 7.1 What are the units for the rate of a chemical reaction? 7.2 For a reaction A ↔B that has an equilibrium constant of ...
7.8 Consider the reaction , with rate constants of 2.0 M−^1 s−^1 , 1.0 s−^1 , and 5.0 s−^1 for kf 1 , kf 2 , and kb 2 respective ...
The concepts of thermodynamics have been presented in a classical way in terms of the laws of thermodynamics and fundamental con ...
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