Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)
1. INTRODUCTION Grierson (1906) has divided Hindi into two groups: Eastern Hindi and Western Hindi. Between the Eastern and the ...
1. INTRODUCTION Beginning with the invasion of Mohammed Ghori in the late 12th century AD, the foreign invaders settled down in ...
1. INTRODUCTION of the 20th century. On the one hand, there were proponents of Hindi and Urdu who were eager to maintain separat ...
1. INTRODUCTION and the rules and procedures which are being followed in its implementation. There are problems related to the d ...
1. INTRODUCTION states of India, regarding the replacement of English by Hindi. It was argued that Hindi was not developed enoug ...
1. INTRODUCTION implementation, the Formula itself was diluted by different states, which resulted in its several versions. The ...
1. INTRODUCTION grammars. Comparative and historical grammars are mostly concerned with presenting the diachronic description of ...
1. INTRODUCTION discourse structure of the current use of Hindi. This is quite useful for linguists and language learners of Hin ...
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2. PHONOLOGY Phonology 2.1. Phonological Units (Segmental) The pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism is involved in the produ ...
2. PHONOLOGY Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Dental Retroflex Palatal velar Glottal Stops vl.unasp p t t k vl.asp ph ...
2. PHONOLOGY /i/ (high front unrounded short vowel): [maart ima:rat building igarnaa girna: to fall pit pati husband /e/ (mid fr ...
2. PHONOLOGY Nasal Vowels Nasalization is phonemic in Hindi. All the vowels can be nasalized. /ĩ/ [Mca ĩc inch ipMjara pĩjra: ca ...
2. PHONOLOGY Stops and Affricates In the production of stops, air coming out of the lungs is stopped at the point of articulatio ...
2. PHONOLOGY kaTnaa ka:tna: to cut kaoT kot coat /th/ (voiceless aspirated retroflex stop): zga thag cheat imaza[- mitha:i: ...
2. PHONOLOGY maClaI machli: fish kuC kuch some /j/ (voiced unaspirated palatal affricate): jaana ja:n life gaajar ga:jar carrot ...
2. PHONOLOGY Nasals There are bilabial, alveolar, and velar nasals. The velar nasal occurs in medial and final positions only. / ...
2. PHONOLOGY Lateral There is a voiced alveolar lateral which occurs in all positions. /l/ (voiced alveolar lateral): laaoga log ...
2. PHONOLOGY 2.2. Phonotactics 2.2.1. Vowel Sequences In Hindi only two vowel sequences are permissible. ai: naa[- nai: new ia: ...
2. PHONOLOGY sy syaar sya:r jackal zy j,yaada zya:da: more nr naR%ya nraty dance ny nyaaya nya:y justice mr maRga mrig deer vy v ...
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