1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd
200 cosmetics and beauty aids Horn (Budapest: Corvina Press, 1964); Marianna D. Birn- baum, The Orb and the Pen: Janus Pannonius ...
Crete 201 around which medieval love literature was written. Courtly love was considered essentially chivalric and a product of ...
202 crime, punishment, and the courts raided by the GOTHSin 268, the VANDALSin 457, and the SLAVSin 623. ARABSoccupied it briefl ...
Crusades 203 defend itself against the khans of the Golden Horde, their successors, the rulers of the Great Horde, and the encro ...
204 Crusades movement as a whole resulted from the combined effects of religious, political, social, demographic, and economic f ...
crypt 205 The Fourth Crusade was begun by Pope INNOCENTIII to assist the threatened city of Acre. The crusade was led to Constan ...
206 Cumans crypts were attempts to accommodate a growing influx of pilgrims and prevent them from disturbing liturgical activiti ...
Cyril of Alexandria, Saint 207 eastern GREECEin 827. Methodios entered the service of the BYZANTINEemperor and worked faithfully ...
208 Cyrillic After these irregular proceedings, Nestorius resigned vol- untarily. Under government pressure in 433, however, Cyr ...
D 209 Dafydd ap Gwilym(ca. 1320–ca. 1380) lyric poet He was born about 1320, probably in the parish of Llan- badarn Fawr, and di ...
210 Damascus held it until the early 15th century when it passed under Venice again. See alsoDIOCLETIAN;ILLYRICUM AND THEILLYRIA ...
Dandolo, Enrico 211 In the central Middle Ages to answer the popular taste for dancing, the church sought to incorporate danc- i ...
212 Danegeld Venice’s interest in this endeavor was tied to receiv- ing half of the spoils of any victory. Nonetheless, when th ...
David II the Bruce 213 History(Bloomington: Indiana Universal Press, 1987); Janet Martin, Medieval Russia, 980–1584 (Cambridge: ...
214 David of Wales, Saint David of Wales, Saint (Dewi, Dafydd, Water-Drinker) (ca. 520–ca. 601)patron saint of Wales Of Saint Da ...
Desiderius of Montecassino 215 See alsoARS MORIENDI(THE ART OF DYING); CONFRA- TERNITIES; BURIAL RULES AND PRACTICES; GHOSTS; GR ...
216 devil against his will as Victor III on May 24, 1086, and held a reforming council at Benevento in August shortly before his ...
Dhuoda 217 In about 1374, Gerhard GROOTEof Deventer, a mas- ter at the University of PARIS, had a spiritual conversion and began ...
218 Diaz, Bartholomew Diaz, Bartholomew (Bartolomeu Dias)(ca. 1450– 1500)Portuguese sea captain who sailed around southern Afric ...
Divine Office 219 dioceses These were the territorial administrative units of medieval bishoprics. Originally, the diocese was a ...
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