1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd
100 Beirut hostile to their often-privileged relationship with MEN- DICANTorders. This placed them outside the jurisdic- tion of ...
Bellini family 101 In the 11th century the ducal title came to the house of Bouillon. Several provinces remained part of the emp ...
102 Benedict, rule of Saint were among the most distinguished Venetian painters of the early Renaissance. Likely trained under J ...
benefice 103 Catholic Nuns through Two Millennia(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996). Benedict of Nursia or Norcia ...
104 Benjamin ben Jonah of Tudela decline and collapse of central authority in the Carolin- gian Empire. This culminated in 875 i ...
Saint Martin of Tours sponsored by the MEDICIin FLORENCEand ruled until Reaching an agreement with the PAPACYenabled him to con ...
106 Bernardino of Siena, Saint Eucharist that were based on rational evidence and dialectic argument. He finally went to Rome an ...
Berry, John, duke of 107 Two years later Bernard became deeply involved in challenging Peter ABÉLARD. Opponents of Abélard prote ...
108 Berthold of Regensburg or Ratisbon CULTURAL PATRONAGE John of Berry had established for himself a reputation as an inept mil ...
Bible 109 in 1464, this project came to nothing. In the meantime he had served the papacy as governor of Bologna and made many d ...
110 biblical commentaries the 14th and 15th centuries, an era of rationalism, humanism, and textual techniques associated with R ...
blacks and Africans in the Middle Ages 111 Further reading:Julia Bolton Holloway, trans., Saint Bride and Her Book: Birgitta of ...
112 Black Sea numerous in the palaces of Muslim rulers. The number of black slaves greatly increased in ARAGONand on the island ...
Boccaccio, Giovanni 113 and lips of a Parisian for such a sin. By the 14th century, Scholastic theologians had defined more prec ...
114 Boethius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982); Vittore Branca, Boccaccio: T ...
Bohemia-Moravia 115 of providence and fate. The world was created by a prov- idential GODand contained no possibility of evil as ...
116 Bohemian Brethren annexed to Bohemia. In 906 Bohemia even granted the Magyars passage through their land, formally break- in ...
Bologna and the University of Bologna 117 ALEXIOSI KOMNENOSand swore an oath of allegiance to him. But this act only aggravated ...
118 Bonaventure, Saint FREDERICKI BARBAROSSAmade the law school a university with a charter. This exempted it from secular juris ...
Boniface VIII, Pope 119 N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1964); John F. Quinn, The Historical Constitution of St. Bonaventure’s Ph ...
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