Encyclopedia of Chemistry

state (usually judged relative to kBT,the product of the Boltzmann constant kB, and the absolute temperature T). The states of t ...

Bohr model A model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913 that showed electrons in fixed orbits around the nucleus but actin ...

bonds may be in the form of heat, electricity, or mechanical means. Bond energy is the quantity of energy that must be absorbed ...

tamine, pyrilamine (Mepyramine). In 1947 he went to Rome to organize a laboratory of therapeutic chemistry and became an Italian ...

bremsstrahlung German for “breaking radiation.” Electromagnetic radiation is emitted when a charged particle changes its velocit ...

justifiable on historical grounds, this name is not rec- ommended, since Bronsted relations are known to apply to many uncatalyz ...

...

CADD SeeCOMPUTER-ASSISTED DRUG DESIGN. cage Aggregate of molecules, generally in the con- densed phase, that surrounds the fragm ...

compounds. They showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacturing of organic compounds, rather t ...

CO 2 are fixed into sugar (glucose) and mediated by the enzyme rubisco (ribulose-1-5-biphosphate carboxy- lase). It occurs in th ...

Examples include sugars (monosaccharide, di- and polysaccharides), starches, and cellulose. Carbohydrates are used as an energy ...

carbon monoxide(CO) A colorless, odorless gas that is toxic. carbon monoxide dehydrogenases ENZYMEs that catalyze the oxidation ...

catabolic pathway The process for taking large complex organic molecules and breaking them down into smaller ones, which release ...

cation exchange The ability of some natural and human-made substances to attract and exchange cations with the solution with whi ...

Uppsala, between 1725 and 1744 and published much of his work through that organization, including a math book for youth in 1741 ...

awards, including being knighted in 1969. He died of heart failure in Ireland on August 12, 1979. chain reaction A reaction in w ...

Charles’ law At constant pressure, the volume occu- pied by a definite mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temp ...

centrations of the products remain constant. Also called the law of chemical equilibrium. chemical flux A concept related to RAT ...

be ELEMENTARY REACTIONs or STEPWISE REACTIONs. (It should be noted that this definition includes experimen- tally observable int ...

chemiluminescence Spontaneous light emission cre- ated by the chemical (enzymatic) conversion of a non- light-emitting substrate ...