Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology

268 Chapter 7 Figure 7.21 Schematic of the secondary structure for a group II intron. The EBS1-IBS1 and 2 pairings (thick grey a ...

7.2.3 Editing the Sequence of RNA In addition to RNA splicing, there is a second pathway by which RNA is transformed into a diff ...

is performed by specialized families of deaminase enzymesthat catalyze hydrolysis of amino groups on cytidine and adenosine (Fig ...

certain glutamate receptor subunit proteins (GluR-B) contain the amino acid arginine at a position where the genomic DNA specifi ...

involves annealing of short gRNAs (which are actually encoded by specialized introns) that direct the positioning of modifying e ...

RNA molecules for appropriate gene expression (Section 5.3).^50 Typical nucleases include the exonucle- ases, which bind to unpr ...

carries out protein synthesis by reading the mRNA sequence that lies immediately downstream of the “start codon” (typically AUG) ...

RNA Structure and Function 275 7.3.2 Transfer RNA and Aminoacylation tRNAsare commonly referred to as adapter molecules, because ...

type of tRNA (e.g., tRNAphe) is recognized only by a cognatesynthetase enzyme (i.e., phenylalanine tRNA synthetase), which allow ...

RNA Structure and Function 277 Figure 7.28 Proteins mimic the structure and interactions of tRNA. A domain of EF-G (purple) mimi ...

278 Chapter 7 of the ribosome, the high-resolution structures have provided a wealth of information about RNA tertiary architect ...

RNA Structure and Function 279 N N N N NH 2 O O OH O C O CH R^1 HN O N N N N NH 2 O O OH O C O CH R^2 NH 3 N N N N NH 2 O O OH O ...

only mature mRNA molecules that have completed the processes of capping, polyadenylation, splicing, editing, and export to the c ...

RNA core) have remained the same. The role of SRP in the cell is to bind signal peptides that are located at the terminus of nas ...

282 Chapter 7 Figure 7.33 Pairing arrangements between snoRNAs and rRNAs. (a) Pairing between a guide snoRNA (black) and a regio ...

RNA Structure and Function 283 example of “antisense” targeting, by which a cellular RNA is manipulated through simple base pair ...

284 Chapter 7 Figure 7.34 A microRNA precursor from C. elegans. MicroRNAs can be encoded in large, dendritic operons. Duplex reg ...

through the collar by using substructures that engage the DNA bases, much like a gear that engages inden- tations in a conveyor ...

Many plant viruses and animal pathogens undergo rolling circle replicationfrom a small circular genome. When DNA or RNA is copie ...

The viral self-cleaving motifs catalyze sequence-specific RNA cleavage through a simple trans- esterification reaction that invo ...