Front Matter

Gao, Ch., Whitcombe, M.J., Vulfson, E.N. (1999), Enzymatic synthesis of dimeric and trimeric sugar- fatty acid esters,Enzyme Mic ...

Lang, S., Brakemeier, A., Heckmann, R., Spo ̈ckner, S., Rau, U. (1999) Production of native and modified sophorose lipids,Chimic ...

Plou, F.J., Cruces, M.A., Pastor, E., Ferrer, M., Bernabe ́, M., Ballesteros, A. (1999), Acylation of sucrose with vinyl esters ...

Vic, G., Crout, D. H.G. (1995) Synthesis of allyl and benzylb-D-glucopyranosides and allylb-D-galac- topyranoside from D-glucose ...

18 Fatty Acid Hydroxylations using P450 Monooxygenases Ulrich Schwaneberg and Uwe T. Bornscheuer 18.1 Introduction Cytochrome P4 ...

For other applications of P450s, readers are referred to a number of books and reviews (Juchau, 1990; Gonzalez and Gelboin, 1994 ...

18.3 P450 fundamentals 18.3.1 Classification and nomenclature of Monooxygenases The P450 superfamily is one of the largest and o ...

18.3.2 Postulated reaction cycle of Monooxygenases The postulated reaction cycle of P450 enzymes is shown in Figure 1 for P450ca ...

structure). The redox potential is thereby increased from – 300 mV to – 173 mV, facilitating the oxidation or direct oxygenation ...

interactions (Ortiz de Montellano et al., 1992). P450 hydroxylases which preferable produce subterminal hydroxylated fatty acids ...

400 18 Fatty Acid Hydroxylations using P450 Monooxygenases Table 1. Survey of P450 enzymes involved in fatty acid modification. ...

A scheme of the binding site is shown in Figure 3, with the amino acids Arg 47 and Tyr 51 (which are responsible for the substra ...

Fatty acids, alcohols, amides and other compounds which are able to establish hydrogen bonds with Arg 47 and/or Thr 51 will be h ...

activity of P450 BM-3 (Boddupalli et al., 1992). Ifx-oxo fatty acids, such as 18- oxooctadecanoic, 16-oxohexadecanoic, 14-oxotet ...

18.4.2 TheCYP52 family Members of theCYP52 family have been found inCandidaspecies such asC. mal- tosa(Schunck et al., 1989; Ohk ...

kanes toa,x-dicarboxylic acids (Scheller et al., 1998). Moreover, they observed that a,x-dicarboxylic acids act as competitive i ...

port or allow hydrophobic interactions to the fatty acid substrate. The CYP4A1 en- zyme, which was first isolated from rat liver ...

18.5 Further aspects and future prospects The information provided in this article, and especially the examples given above, dem ...

18.6 Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Dr. Holger Berk (Caltech, USA) for valuable comments during the preparation of ...

Chaurasia, C. S., Alterman, M. A., Lu, P., Hanzlik, R. P. (1995), Biochemical characterization of lauric acidx-hydroxylation by ...