Front Matter

moved from the reaction mixture. Recently, a reaction system was reported in which the byproducts from lipase-catalyzed sugar es ...

17.2 Lipase- and protease-catalyzed esterification of lipids 371 Table 3. Lipase-catalyzed glycolipid syntheses using alkyl glyc ...

up in order to prepare material for application tests (Andresen and Kirk, 1995). One disadvantage for economic purposes could be ...

17.2 Lipase- and protease-catalyzed esterification of lipids 373 Table 4. Lipase-catalyzed glycolipid syntheses using complexate ...

374 17 Enzymatic Synthesis and Modification of Glycolipids Table 5. Protease-catalyzed glycolipid syntheses. Protease Solvent Lo ...

alyzed galactose or lactose with 2-bromotetradecanoic acid. Second, these products were chemically dimerized with dicarboxylic a ...

(Rich et al., 1995; Woudenberg et al., 1996; Kim et al., 1998; Ferrer et al., 1999). On the other hand, the acylation position i ...

oligosaccharide reactions occurring in the aqueous phase. Testing in parallel the reverse hydrolysis method with almondb-glucosi ...

378 17 Enzymatic Synthesis and Modification of Glycolipids Table 6.ß-Glucosidase-catalyzed glycolipid syntheses. Method 1: rever ...

17.3 Glycosidase-catalyzed glycosylation of fatty alcohols with sugars 379 Table 7.Glycosidase-catalyzed glycolipid syntheses. M ...

17.4 Chemically and enzymatically modified sophoroselipids The yeastsCandida (Torulopsis) bombicolaATCC 22214 andCandida (Torulo ...

ety. The acidic-SL (Figure 6) is found as major compound in the aqueous superna- tant. The acid group is able to form an interna ...

Lang et al. (1999) also amidated sophorolipids, but they used lactonic-SL as feed- stock. Depending on theN-alkylation grade of ...

Native sophorolipids are differently acetylated at C6’and C6“. Therefore, require- ments exist for the formation of sophorolipid ...

tion. A complete deacetylation at C6’and C6“under preservation of the lactone ring is also possible by the attack of an immobili ...

used as catalyst for acetylation of this sophorolipid ester at C6’and C6“with vinyl acetate (Figure 8; A1, B1, C1) in dry THF. T ...

zymes hesperidinase (EC 3.2.1.40) at pH 5.7 (yield 80 % w/w) and naringinase (Sigma N1385) at pH 9 were able to release specific ...

ening of the hydrocarbon chain also enhances the surface active properties, while amidation or esterification of the carboxyl gr ...

17.7 References Aha, B., Berger, M., Haase, B., Hermann, J., Keil, O., Machmu ̈ller, G., Mu ̈ller, S., Waldinger, C., Schnei- de ...

Carrea, G., Riva, S., Secundo, F., Danielli, B. (1989), Enzymatic synthesis of various 1’-0-sucrose and 1’- 0-fructose esters,J. ...