Clinical_Rounds_in_Endocrinology_Volume_II_-_Pediatric_Endocrinology

41 Aetiology of GH deficiency Congenital Hypothalamic defects Septo-optic dysplasia Holoprosencephaly Pituitary transcription ...

42 ab c Fig. 1.21 (a) A 13-year-old short child with isolated GH deficiency. (b) Note the cherubic face, blue sclera, and (c) mi ...

43 a c b d Fig. 1.22 A 12-year-old girl presented with hypocalcemic seizures. Note the (a) typical round facies (b) brachydactyl ...

44 What are the causes of accelerated height velocity with short final adult height? The causes of accelerated height velocity ...

© Springer India 2016 45 A. Bhansali et al., Clinical Rounds in Endocrinology, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2815-8_2 2 Disorders of Gr ...

46 over a period of time, preferably for 6–12 months, helps to calculate the height velocity. Short stature when compounded with ...

47 of higher degree of overlap between normal and abnormal values in this age group. Therefore, IGF1 is considered as a good scr ...

48 decreased pulse amplitude or frequency (or both) or reduced mean 24h GH con- centration. These children are termed as “neuros ...

49 therefore, euthyroidism should be ensured prior to GH dynamic tests. In addi- tion, gonadal steroids also infl uence GH–IGF1 ...

50 Tests Mediator Mechanism Insulin-induced hypoglycemia Low plasma glucose (gluco- receptors at hypothalamus) ↓ Somatostatin vi ...

51 Which is the preferred GH dynamic test? Insulin-induced hypoglycemia is considered as the gold standard for the diag- nosis ...

52 Fig. 2.2 Coronal CEMRI demonstrates a hypoplastic pituitary gland ( red arrow ) in a child with panhypopituitarism. Also note ...

53 What is MRI “ tetrad ” associated with GHD / MPHD? The MRI tetrad includes small sella, hypoplastic/absent anterior pituita ...

54 What is septo-optic dysplasia? Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) includes midline defects of brain (absence of sep- tum pellucidu ...

55 Fig. 2.5 ( a ) A 21-year-old boy with panhypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. ( b ) Fundus examination showing temporal ...

56 c d ef Fig. 2.5 (continued) 2 Disorders of Growth and Development: Diagnosis and Treatment ...

57 What is waxing and waning pituitary? Alterations in the size of the pituitary gland in children with congenital GH or multi ...

58 How to monitor a child on rhGH therapy? After initiation of GH therapy, auxological parameters including height, weight, bo ...

59 Fig. 2.7 Development of ( a , b ) a b scoliosis in a child after rhGH therapy Fig. 2.8 ( a , b ) ab Development of gynecomast ...

60 What is the expected growth response to rhGH therapy in children with GHD? Treatment with rhGH results in a brisk growth re ...