Clinical_Rounds_in_Endocrinology_Volume_II_-_Pediatric_Endocrinology

101 also occur due to increased maternal transfer of T 4 before 32 weeks of preg- nancy, which results in inhibition of fetal hy ...

102 What are the differences in clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism in chil- dren as compared to adults? Most of the mani ...

103 How to evaluate children with hyperthyroidism? The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children is Graves’ disease. Ot ...

104 When to suspect thyroid - associated orbitopathy in children? Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) should be considered in ...

105 dren with Graves’ disease who fail to achieve remission after 2 years of antithy- roid drug therapy should be offered defi n ...

106 Fig. 3.22 Coarse facial features: varying etiology. Patients with ( a ) primary hypothyroidism, ( b ) acromegaly, ( c ) prol ...

107 Further Readings Birrell G, Cheetham T. Juvenile thyrotoxicosis; can we do better? Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:745–50. Braverma ...

© Springer India 2016 109 A. Bhansali et al., Clinical Rounds in Endocrinology, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2815-8_4 4 Childhood Cush ...

110 469 μg, and 532.8 μg, respectively. Serum cortisol after overnight dexametha- sone suppression test (ONDST) was 464 nmol/L, ...

111 a c b d Fig. 4.1 ( a ) A 16-year-old girl with moon facies, acne, lanugo hair, and facial plethora ( b ) Typical wide violac ...

112 4.2 Stepwise Analysis This 16-year-old girl presented with weight gain, menstrual abnormalities, and hir- sutism. On evaluat ...

113 Cushing’s syndrome. An 0800h plasma ACTH >90 pg/ml is suggestive of ectopic source of ACTH secretion. After confi rmation ...

114 turnover as suppressive effect of hypercortisolemia on stratum corneum is elimi- nated. She had rapid disappearance of pleth ...

115 a c b d Fig. 4.2 ( a ) Moon facies and plethora in a 14-year-old boy with ectopic Cushing’s syndrome. ( b ) Chest X-ray show ...

116 Age Common etiology Infancy McCune–Albright syndrome Adrenocortical neoplasm 1–5 years of age Adrenocortical neoplasm >5 ...

117 ab Fig. 4.4 ( a , b ) A 3-year-old child with Cushing’s syndrome. Note the characteristic moon facies and no features of pro ...

118 What are the differences in clinical manifestations of Cushing ’ s syndrome in children as compared to adults? The differen ...

119 increased bone collagen breakdown. In addition, cortisol-mediated suppression of hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis and alte ...

120 What are the peculiarities of Cushing ’ s syndrome associated with McCune – Albright syndrome? Cushing’s syndrome is rare i ...

121 a c b dd Fig. 4.6 ( a ) A 3-year-old child with obesity, plethora, and moon facies. ( b ) Excessive vellus hair in the same ...