Clinical_Rounds_in_Endocrinology_Volume_II_-_Pediatric_Endocrinology

143 involved in phosphate homeostasis. It acts in association with its co- receptor klotho and inhibits the translocation of int ...

14 4 Why is vitamin D considered as a hormone? Vitamin D is not truly a vitamin, but it is a steroid and qualifies the criteri ...

145 What are the non-osseous effects of vitamin D? Vitamin D plays an important role in the maintenance of bone health. In add ...

14 6 What is osteomalacia? Osteomalacia is a disorder characterized by defective mineralization of osteoid. In normal physiolo ...

147 What is rickets? Rickets is a disorder of epiphyseal growth plate characterized by defective development and impaired mine ...

14 8 phosphate solubility product results in impaired mineralization and conse- quently rickets–osteomalacia. How to classify v ...

149 a c d L R b Fig. 5.9 (a) Familial vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2. (b) Genu varum and alopecia in the same child. (c, d) ...

150 How to differentiate between calcipenic and phosphopenic rickets? Rickets can be classified on the basis of primary abnorm ...

151 Site Clinical features Thorax Rachitic rosary Harrison’s sulcus Pectus carinatum Spine and pelvis Kyphosis Scoliosis Lumbar ...

152 What are the manifestations of vitamin D deficiency in a newborn? A neonate born to vitamin D-sufficient mother has vitami ...

153 Why all patients with vitamin D deficiency do not manifest rickets/osteomalacia? Although vitamin D deficiency is rampant, ...

15 4 How to examine for genu valgum and genu varum? Genu varum is determined by the measurement of intercondylar distance. Exa ...

155 How to explain the radiological abnormalities in rickets? The earliest radiologic feature in rickets is appearance of indi ...

156 What is bone histomorphometry? Bone histomorphometry is the measurement and analysis of bone structure and remodeling. Thi ...

157 How to diagnose vitamin D deficiency? Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is defined on the basis of serum 25(OH)D levels. ...

158 What are the stages of vitamin D deficiency? Depending on the alterations in mineral homeostasis, vitamin D deficiency may ...

159 What is adequate sun exposure for vitamin D synthesis? Sunlight is the richest source for UV-B rays, which is required for ...

160 cannot be ensured. Various dose schedules have been used and are shown in the table given below. Intensive phase therapy Mai ...

161 Why is cholecalciferol/ergocalciferol and not calcitriol used for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency? Supplementation wi ...

162 An 8-year-old child was diagnosed to have chronic kidney disease (stage 3). His calcium profile was normal, 25 (OH)D 5 ng/m ...