A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

542 8 Verbal derivation masculine agentives end in deletable hi. This is really a stem melody, as found for the same verbs in t ...

8.8 Agentives 543 with the (short) imperfective rather than with the perfectives, and vocalism except that a stem-initial high ...

8 Verbal derivation g. -PuCvC-, Agentive as/e-m-asPPeCaC 'be rude' büdar ae-n-aebbedar ae-n-abbedar (A-grm, K) 'be afraid' hürar ...

8.8 Agentives 545 P. -CVCDCVC-, Agentive e-M-aePCeCaC 'sing' garuras e-m-aegreras (PI i-m-agruras) These agentives show Stem-Ini ...

546 8 Verbal derivation with melody as agentive. I refer to this formation as "Agent/Instrument" since some cases are instrumen ...

8.8 Agentives 547 8.8.2 Passive agentives with -m-aett-and-m- This combination -m-astt- is rare for mainly semantic reasons, but ...

548 8 Verbal derivation 8.8.4 Causative agentives with -m-/-n- plus -s- Causative agentives are fairly easy to elicit, and some ...

8.9 Nonagentive nominals with-m-or-η- 549 g. -s-uCvC- with agentive e-m-aess-aCuC 'travel' s-lksl ae-m-asss-akul (PI i-m-ass-uka ...

550 8 Verbal derivation 'drink' -vswu- e-m-aesaeww 'water source' 'decorate' -vrmu- t-e-n-ahrmi-t-t 'dye' c. 'emasculate' -vddvs ...

8.9 Nonagentive nominals with-m-or-η- 551 (578) Nonagentive Nominals with Distinctive Vocalism verb gloss verb Nominal gloss m-a ...

552 8 Verbal derivation -mvjvn- '(cow) be left un-milked', but the verb is arguably a frozen Mediopassive (-m-vjvn-). 8.10 Denom ...

8.10 Denominal agentives (-mces-, -nces-, etc.) 553 change in noun stem (<L> melody and χ-f) α-duban 'marrying' ae-naes-dd ...

554 8 Verbal derivation ram. Note that the s of -maes- and the s of -sasdis form a surface geminate. In (580.b) we find a morpho ...

8.11 Instrumental and related nominals 555 α-s-ajbas a-s-akmas a-s-akram a-s-arway a-s-arsam 'belt' 'cloth bag' 'livestock area' ...

556 8 Verbal derivation t-a-s-skat-t 'finger' [none] [PI t-i-s-akad] t-a-s-aqqassn-t 'chewstick' -s-vrvsvn- 'clean teeth' t-a-s- ...

8.11 Instrumental and related nominals 557 f. other patterns ending in ...CaC s-aewaf 'scary thing' -vwvf- 'be scared' s-aersad ...

558 8 Verbal derivation (586) Instrumental Nominale with <L H> Melody form gloss related verb and gloss Ma as-s-aCaC, Fe t ...

8.1 ] Instrumental and related nominals 559 (587) Other Instrumental Nominals with <H> Melody form gloss related verb and ...

560 5 Verbal derivation c. Ma s-üCCsC (from -uPQvC-) s-ünsaj 'poison' (Im) VblN a-s-ünsaj 'sniff [variant s-snsag] d. Ma α-s-iCC ...

8.12 Other nominals 561 For s-emrar 'respect' and s-erkam 'domination', see (595.a), below. A type in -s-agg- with a velar stop ...