A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

582 9 Verb phrases and other predications b. [α-sael i-daer] [Sg-day Prox-Anaph] 'Today is a holy day.' [K] ae-mud Sg-prayer 9.3 ...

9.3 Locational and existential predications 583 [i-lla-\hln [y "ae-jrew]] [3MaSgS-exist.PerfP-\Centrif [Dat Sg-river]] 'The town ...

584 9 Verb phrases and other predications 9.4 Possessive predications With the possessum as point of departure ('X belong to Υ', ...

9.5 External negation and negative copular clauses 585 (631) miAtaet 1-lae-n who?-\3FeSgO 3MaSgS-have.PerfP-PartplMaSg 'Who has ...

586 9 Verb phrases and other predications The external negation can be used with an NP argument X in the construction [waedden X ...

9.6 Preverbs 587 c. kada t-aqqlma Past 3FeSgS-sit.Reslt 'She was sitting.' d. a-\hm n-aqqal t-a-nfus-t Fut-/Centrif lPlS-go.back ...

588 9 Verb phrases and other predications b. waer 0-aerbaeqqae-t Neg 3MaSgS-be.dented.PerfN-Aug 'It didn't get dented.' The perf ...

9.6 Preverbs 589 b. waer 0-okaey waeld Neg 3MaSgS-goe.past.PerfN nothing 'Nothing has been finished.' c. e-daegg [waela ly-aen] ...

590 9 Verb phrases and other predications minimal demonstrative ά and a following cliticized Comitative preposition d (= ad). Th ...

9.6 Preverbs 591 For e, a postvocalic variant he is recorded after V-final interrogative words like ma 'what?' (643.a), and afte ...

592 9 Verb phrases and other predications (645) a. waer kaela allael-aer Neg Past dance.Reslt-lSgS Ί heve never danced.' [K-d] b ...

9.6 Preverbs 593 (647) Future Negative (T-ka) u-mar anhay-aer Neg-Fut see.Shlmpf-lSgS Ί will not see.' The uncertain segmentabil ...

594 9 Verb phrases and other predications 9.7 Verbs borrowed from French French verbs are not borrowed as inflectable verbs. Ins ...

Chapter 10 Clitics 10.1 Sentential clitics Clitics are normally realized at the end of the first word (perhaps a preverbal parti ...

596 10 Clitics (651) Centripetal (Surface Allomorphs, T-ka) form preverbal position postverbal position Aadd — between C's, or p ...

10.2 Directional clitics 597 (654) a. osae-nAadd arrive.PerfP-3MaPl-\Centrip 'They came (here).' b. aAdd 0-as FutACentrip 3MaSgS ...

598 10 Clitics For the K-d speaker (I did not check all dialects on this point), the h extension appears not to be used after ve ...

10.2 Directional clitics 599 b. i-ss3Yael-\sdd 3MaSgS-work.PerfP-\Centrip 'He came working.' (= 'He was working as he came.') c. ...

600 10 Clitics 10.2.2 Centrifugal Λίη (-\hin) 10.2.2.1 Forms The Centrifugal clitic takes the form Λίη after a C (except that of ...

10.2 Directional clitics 601 j. qjaj-Vm go.far.ImprtACentrif 'Go far away (from here)!' k. askk-Yin i-haen-an w-ln go.to.ImprtAC ...