War by Revolution. Germany and Great Britain in the Middle East in the Era of World War I
Cairo. EGYPT ANGLO- EGYPTIAN SUDAN 5 I J J o 100 200 miles o 150 300 kilometers Hail. EMPIRE '..r: !. \ PERSIA Baghdad~, ) ) Bas ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 19 awakenedBritishfearsofathreatfromtheeasttoBritain'scontrol ofthecountry.' ThedisputeinvolvedtheT ...
20 WARBYREVOLUTION itunsuccessfullywiththestatesecretaryintheGermanforeignmin- istry,HeinrichvonTschirschky," Indeed,thereexiste ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 21 ingtotheOttomansultan."Thefacthadbegunto have itseffectin Egypt,"hedeclared,alludingto thecrises ...
22 WARBYREVOLUTION HilminottopushtheBritishtoofar.TheministryfearedBritish reprisals,includingtheestablishmentofaprotectorateove ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 23 nationin1907,hissuccessorinCairo,SirEldonGorst,attemptedto bluntthenationalistreactionagainstCro ...
24 WARBYREVOLUTION ButnoteveryoneattheGermanconsulate-generalinCairoap- provedofOppenheim'sactivities.Bernstorff,theconsulgenera ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 25 ButbeginninginthefalltheBosniancrisis,inwhichAustria- HungarycompleteditstakeoveroftheformerOtto ...
26 WARBYREVOLUTION dominantineasternMesopotamia,Persia,andYemen,abhorredthe SunniMuslims,themainstreamofIslam,andthattheywouldpr ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 27 fromtheOttomans,orcompleteindependenceforArabsfromTurk- ishrule.Suchideashadcirculatedamonga few ...
28 WARBYREVOLUTION to it.ThefirstwastheintimatetieofGermanytotheOttomangov- ernment.SecondwastheGermanattempt,particularlyafter1 ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 29 AsreportsabouttheArabunrestandanti-Turkishactivitymounted, Germanofficials,searchingforthecauses ...
30 WARBYREVOLUTION discouragedanyactionbythemagainsteithertheYoungTurksor British." Duringthefallof19II,theAustrianpriestandOrie ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 31 neithertheBritishnortheTurksrealizeduntilmuchlaterthatlead- ingSyrianandMesopotamianArabshadstar ...
32 WARBYREVOLUTION heprophesiedthattheArabsoftheOttomanEmpirewouldsoon seekindependence.vMoreover,KitchenerconsideredtheArabland ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 33 onitsdivisions.Hecooperatedwithitsmoderatepartybutrefused totoleratetheextremistsFaridandal-jawi ...
34 WARBYREVOLUTION TalaatPasha,aparliamentarydeputyandthegovernment'sminister oftheinterior." TheeventsintheBalkans,includingthe ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 35 YoungTurkLowtherwitha newrepresentativetothePorte,Sir Louis Mallet.ButMallethadlittlesuccess,mai ...
36 WARBYREVOLUTION theregion;NicolsonandthenewviceroyofIndia,SirCharlesHar- dinge,cautionedagainstit.Bothfearedanti-Britishpan-I ...
MUSLIMUNRESTANDGERMANSUPPORT 37 BothShakespearandLeachman,despiteoppositionfromtheFor- eignOffice,whichfearedincurringthewrathof ...
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