Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

some number is maintained in the cells of the new individual. AGING AND CELLS Multicellular organisms, including people, age and ...

Human cells vary in size, shape, and function. Our cells function interdependently to main- tain homeostasis. Cell Structure—the ...

DNA →RNA →proteins (structural proteins and enzymes that catalyze reactions) →heredi- tary characteristics. A genetic disease i ...

Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infec- tions. Some antibiotics disrupt the process of pro- tein synthesis within ...

CHAPTER 4 Tissues and Membranes 67 ...

CHAPTER 4 Chapter Outline Epithelial Tissue Simple Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium Transitional Epithelium Si ...

Tissues and Membranes 69 New Terminology Bone (BOWNE) Cartilage (KAR-ti-lidj) Chondrocyte (KON-droh-sight) Collagen (KAH-lah-jen ...

Atissueis a group of cells with similar structure and function. The tissue contributes to the function- ing of the organs in whi ...

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM Stratified squamous epitheliumconsists of many layers of mostly flat cells, although lower cells ...

bladder fills, these cells become flattened. Transitional epithelium enables the bladder to fill and stretch with- out tearing t ...

may recall are folds of the cell membrane on their free surfaces (see Fig. 3–2). These microscopic folds greatly increase the su ...

hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin. Both of these secretions are part of gastric juice. Endocrine glandsare ductless glands ...

the lymph nodes, and the thymus gland. The thymus also contains stem cells, but they produce only a subset of lymphocytes. Stem ...

skin and beneath the epithelial tissue of all the body systems that have openings to the environment. Recall that one function o ...

fat, rather it is part of the complex systems that ensure we are nourished properly or that protect us from pathogens that get t ...

means the ligaments have been overly stretched), you know that complete healing may take several months. An irregular type of fi ...

and not flexible. In the shafts of long bones such as the femur, the osteocytes, matrix, and blood vessels are in very precise a ...

80 Skeletal muscle (Approximately 430X) A Smooth muscle (Approximately 430X) B Cardiac muscle (Approximately 430X) C Intercalate ...

CARDIAC MUSCLE The cells of the heart, cardiac muscle, are shown in Fig. 4–6. They are branched, have one nucleus each, and have ...

peripheral nerves. As you can imagine, each of these organs has very specific functions. For now, we will just mention the categ ...