A01_RICH4603_04_SE_A01.QXD

teaching). However, the basic assumption of research on first and second language acquisition is that learners use language prod ...

implicational scaling Look what you’ve done now! often functions as an expression of annoyance. see also declarative sentence, i ...

implicational universal The symbol [+] in any row in the table implies a +symbol in any column to the right of it in the same ro ...

implicit memoryn sometimes also referred to as unintentional unconscious memory, a type of memory that is revealed when previous ...

as the leaves “became yellow” and the cheese “became mature”. see also causative verb incidental learningn learning something wi ...

indexical informationn (in communication) information which is communicated, usually indir- ectly, about the speaker or writer’s ...

indirect speechn see direct speech indirect speech actn a speech act in which the communicative intention is not reflected in th ...

Individualized approaches to language teaching are based on these assumptions: 1 people learn in different ways 2 they can learn ...

(that is, making inferences or inferring). In language learning, inferencing has been discussed as a learning strategyused by le ...

infixn a letter or sound or group of letters or sounds which are added within a word, and which change the meaning or function o ...

informal speechn another term for colloquial speech informantn (in research) a person who provides the researcher with data for ...

information sciencen the study of the generation, organization, communication and use of information. Information science is int ...

information transfern a type of activity often associated with communicative language teach- ingin which students transfer meani ...

second and foreign language learners is one of the main questions investi- gated in formally orientated second language acquisit ...

External speech is spoken or written speech, and is expressed in words and sentences. Inner speech is speech for oneself. It tak ...

inservice educationn see preservice education Institute of Translation and Interpretingn also ITI see translation, interpretatio ...

instrumental functionn see developmental functions of language instrumental motivationn see motivation intaken a term referring ...

integrative testn an integrative test is one that requires a test taker to use several language skills at the same time, such as ...

communicate such things as rapport, empathy, interest and social harmony (interactional function), and those where the primary f ...

interaction patterns n in teaching, the ways in which students work together in class, such as whole class, pair work, group wor ...