Medical Surgical Nursing

May stay in kidney or travel into the ureter Can damage the urinary tract May cause hydronephrosis More common in white males 3 ...

Pallor Hematuria Abdominal distention Pyuria Anuria May have UTI on urinalysis Renal Calculi- Manifestations Kidney/Pelvis Ma ...

Treatment Most (> 1 cm) are passed without intervention May need cystospy-- with basket retrieval Lithotripsy : Extracorpor ...

low-purine diet to reduce urinary excretion of uric acid (shellfish, mushrooms, and organ meats), limit protein, Allopurinol. ...

May return with catheter, drains, nephrostomy tube and ureteral stent – must maintain patency and may need to irrigate as orde ...

Bladder Cancer -Manifestations Painless hematuria • Frequency Urgency • Dysuria Diagnostic tests Bladder ultrasound – Urinaly ...

Continent urinary diversions A. Indiana pouch B & C the Kock pouch, also called a continent ileal diversion D. Ureterosigmoi ...

Kidney Tumors -Manifestations May be silent Flank pain Palpable mass Fever, fatigue Weight loss, anemia, polycythemia Hypercalc ...

Chapter 48 Assessment and Management of Patients with Breast Disorders Assessment ᴥ Health History Physical Assessment/ Inspecti ...

ᴥ Breast Cancer Mass (Malignant Tumor)  Usually occurs as a single mass (lump) in one breast  Firm, hard, embedded in surround ...

May be round or lobular Firm, mobile, and not fixed to breast tissue or chest wall No premenstrual changes Referral and biopsy i ...

Skin becomes thick, hard, immobile Skin discoloration may occur ᴥ Nipple Inversion Considered normal if long-standing Associated ...

ᴥ Diagnostic Evaluation Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Done on day 5-7 of menstrual cycle (some changes in breast occur due to ho ...

Breast-Self Examination Diagnostic Evaluation Mammography Detect nonpalpable lesions (< 1 cm) and assist in diagnosing palpab ...

Diagnostic Evaluation Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedures for Tissue Analysis Percutaneous Biopsy Fine-Needle Aspiration Surgi ...

Benign Neoplasms: Fibrocystic Breast Disease (FBD) Incidence of developing breast cancer is increased 3 to 4 times with FBD. Pat ...

Nursing intervention Explain importance of monthly breast self-examination Encourage patient to seek medical evaluation if nodul ...

Obesity High-fat diet (controversial) Alcohol intake Protective Factors Regular exercise (after age of 35, strenuous excursive ˅ ...

5. Mucinous Carcinoma (3%) Mucinous carcinoma accounts for about 3% of breast cancers and often presents in postmenopausal women ...

Treatment Lumpectomy: removal of the lump and partial breast tissue; indicated for early detection Mastectomy Simple mastec ...