Medical Surgical Nursing

Diagnosis: Blood glucose (300 and 800 mg/dL) Treatment Rehydration (0.9-0.45% saline) Restoring Electrolytes (K+) loss of potas ...

 Moderate to high rates of infusion (200 to 500 mL/hour) may continue for several more hours.  Although the initial plasma con ...

Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Complications Macrovascular (atherosclerotic plaque) Coronary arteries → (MI‘s) Cerebral arteries → ( ...

Macrovascular (atherosclerotic plaque) Coronary arteries MI Cerebral arteries strokes Peripheral vessels foot ulcers, amputation ...

MI is twice as common in men and three times in women with diabetes, compared to people without diabetes. Silent MI Higher ri ...

Diabetic Retinopathy Changes in the retinal capillaries; lead to retinal ischemia. Changes include microaneurysms, intraretinal ...

Complication: Diabetic Nephropathy Disease of the kidneys (50% of RF due to DM) Characterized by albumin in the urine, hyperten ...

Results: sensory and motor impairments, postural hypotension, delayed gastric emptying, diarrhea, impaired GU function Result ...

Foot and Leg Problems Contributing factors Neuropathy Peripheral vascular disease Immunocompromise Injuries could be: Chemical ...

Foot Care Take care of your diabetes. Inspect your feet every day. Wash your feet every day (dry between toes well). Keep the s ...

S &S of DKA/ HHNS Nursing Diagnoses Risk for fluid volume deficit related to polyuria and dehydration Imbalanced nutritio ...

Monitoring and Managing Potential Complications Fluid Overload Hypokalemia Hyperglycemia and Ketoacidosis Hypoglycemia Cerebral ...

Chapter 42 Assessment and Management of Patients with Endocrine Disorders Endocrine System Effects almost every cell, organ, an ...

Hypothalamus Sits between the cerebrum and brainstem Houses the pituitary gland and hypothalamus Regulates: Temperature Fluid v ...

Actions of the major hormones of the pituitary gland. Adrenal Glands Pyramid-shaped organs that sit on top of the kidneys Each ...

Norepinephrine Serve as neurotransmitters for sympathetic system Involved with the stress response Thyroid Gland Butterfly sh ...

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Thyroid Follicular cells—excretion of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)—Increase BMR ...

Erythropoietin—Increases red blood cell production Ovaries Estrogen Progesterone—important in menstrual cycle, maintains preg ...

Eyes, visual acuity Neck Palpating the thyroid gland from behind the client. Extremities Hand and feet size Trunk Muscle stre ...

Fatigue Maintenance of ADL Sensitivity to heat or cold Weight level Bowel habits Level of appetite Urination, thirst, salt crav ...