Medical Surgical Nursing

 A. PREVENTING TRANSMISSION o Continued screening of blood donors for the presence of hepatitis B antigens o The use of disposa ...

Gerontologic Considerations  The elderly patient who contracts hepatitis B has a serious risk of severe liver cell necrosis or ...

 There is no benefit from rest, diet, or vitamin supplements. Recent studies have demonstrated that a combination of interferon ...

F. HEPATITIS G (HGV) AND GB VIRUS.C  It has long been believed that there is another non-A, non-B, non- C agent causing hepatit ...

 Manifestations of sensitivity to a medication may occur on the first day of its use or not until several months later, dependi ...

Management  The key to optimizing treatment is rapid recognition of acute liver failure and intensive interventions.  The use ...

Pathophysiology  Several factors have been implicated in the etiology of cirrhosis: alcohol consumption (is the major causative ...

2. Decompensated cirrhosis, S &S result from failure of the liver to synthesize proteins, clotting factors, and other substa ...

Assessment and Diagnostic Findings  The extent of liver disease and the type of treatment are determined after reviewing the la ...

NURSING PROCESS: THE PATIENT WITH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS Nursing diagnoses and goals 1. Activity intolerance related to fatigue, leth ...

Goal: Maintenance of normal body temperature, free from infection 10. Ineffective breathing pattern related to ascites and restr ...

 Usually associated with chronic liver disease, hepatitis B and C infections, and cirrhosis.  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) i ...

 The serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which serves as a tumor marker, is elevated in 30% to 40% of patients with primary ...

 Capitalizing on the regenerative capacity of the liver cells, some surgeons have successfully removed 90% of the liver.  Howe ...

 Cardiac output, CVP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, ABG, O 2 saturation, urine output, V/S are used to evaluate the patie ...

 The patient may complain of dull abdominal pain and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.  Hepatomegaly, jau ...

 The nurse administers IV antibiotic therapy as prescribed.  The white blood cell count and other laboratory test results are ...

NURSING PROCESS FOR PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC DYSFUNCTIONS Nursing Diagnosis: Activity intolerance related to fatigue, lethargy, and ...

function. Assist patient in identifying low-sodium foods. Elevate the head of the bed during meals. Provide oral hygiene be ...

jaundice and extent of edema. 11. Keep patient's fingernails short and smooth. 12. Provide frequent skin care; avoid use of soap ...