Medical Surgical Nursing

(razors) with safer items. Observe each stool for color, consistency, and amount. Be alert for symptoms of anxiety, epigastr ...

trauma: a. Maintain safe environment. b. Encourage gentle blowing of nose. c. Provide soft toothbrush and avoid use of toothpick ...

Goal:Patient verbalizes feelings consistent with improvement of body image and self-esteem 1. Assess changes in appearance and t ...

1. Maintain bed rest when patient experiences abdominal discomfort. 2. Administer antispasmodic and analgesic agents as prescrib ...

6. Prepare patient and assist with paracentesis. and cooperation with it 6. Paracentesis will temporarily decrease amount of asc ...

9. Provides stimulation to the patient and opportunity for observing the patient's level of consciousness Nursing Diagnosis: Ris ...

by providing rest periods and assisting with activities. 3. Change position every 2 h. 4. Assist with paracentesis or thoracente ...

(blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate) every 4 h or more frequently, depending on acuity. b. Assess skin temperature, level o ...

softeners. e. Ensure small meals. Have equipment (Blakemore tube, medications, IV fluids) available if indicated. Assist with ...

gastrointestinal bleeding. Collaborative Problem: Hepatic encephalopathy Goal: Absence of changes in cognitive status and of inj ...

cognitive function. Limit sources of protein from diet if indicated. Administer medications prescribed to reduce serum ammon ...

Chapter 40 Assessment and Management of Patients with Biliary Disorders Anatomic and Physiologic Overview  A pear-shaped, hollo ...

The pancreas  The pancreas, located in the upper abdomen, has endocrine as well as exocrine functions The secretion of pancreat ...

2. Glucagon  The effect of glucagon (opposite to that of insulin) is chiefly to raise the blood glucose by converting glycogen ...

 Choledocholithiasis: stones in the common duct  Choledocholithotomy: incision of common bile duct for removal of stones Chole ...

Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis  Obesity, Women, especially those who have had multiple pregnancies  Frequent changes in weigh ...

o Pigment stones cannot be dissolved and must be removed surgically. 2. Composed of cholesterol. o Four times more women than me ...

D. Obstruction of bile flow: also interferes with absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins. The patient may exhibit deficiencies ( ...

Studies Used in the Diagnosis of Biliary Tract & Pancreatic Disease Medical Management  The major objectives of medical the ...

Nutritional and Supportive Therapy  Approximately 80% of the patients with acute gallbladder inflammation achieve remission wit ...