Arabic: An Essential Grammar

Note: Except for َلـ ْن lan, these particles are, in fact, subordinating conjunctions. 28.3 The subjunctive mood is formed from ...

(a) ِإ َذ ْن
id ̄ an is always followed by the subjunctive mood: َأ َ نا َأ ْد ُر ُس َك ِثي ً را ـ ِإ َذ ْن َس َت ْن َج َح َغ ...

subjunctive mood of the verb. The meaning of this expression is ‘so that, in order to’: ِفـي  ِْلا ْم ِت َحا ِنتى َي ْن َج َح ّ ...

!َتـذ َهـ ُبوا َمـ َعـ ُهَلا la ̄ tad ̄ habu ̄ ma  a-hu! (not: َلا َتـ ْذ َهـ ُبو َن.. la ̄ tad ̄ habu ̄na ...) Don’t go with h ...

28.10 Imperative mood The imperative mood َأْ َلأ ْمـ ُر is formed from the second person (sing., du., pl.; masc. and fem.) of t ...

1 ْمـَل 2 ْنَأ ْرِدْقَأ 3 َعـَفْرَأ 4 ِنَع َضـيِرـَمـْل 5 ِضْرْ َلأ 6 ىَلِإ ُهـَلُـقْنَِلأ 7 . ِهِريِرَس (4) 1,2 I couldn’t 3 ...

1 ُهَذاَتْسُأ ٌبِلاَط َدَعَو 2 ُهَّ نَأِب 3 َنِم 4 َنْلآ 5 ُسُرْدَيَس اًدِعاَصَف 6 ُهَل َلاَق vَرَثْكَأ ُvُذاَتْسْ لأ 7 ْنَذِإ ...

(7) I entered the university to study the Arabic language and to get a degree. (8) Don’t go out of the hotel at night and lock t ...

218 Chapter 29 Doubled verbs (mediae geminatae) and quadriliteral verbs 29.1 A doubled verb in Arabic, َأْل ِفـ ْع ُل ْلـ ُمـ َ ...

See table A1.2, the patterns of the doubled verb رََّف farra, and conjuga- tion A2.3, the doubled verb رََّمـ marra, in the appe ...

(See conjugation A2.4 of the verb َت ْر َج َم targ ̆ama in Appendix 2.) Note: Observe that the derived form II of the quadrilite ...

Exercises Practise your reading: 1 ُتْرَرَم 2 ٍةَأَرْمˆِب ِسْمَأ 3 vٍلِماَح 4 يِنـْتـَلَأـَسَف 5 ْنَع 6 ىَفْشَتْسُمـْل ِلَخْدَم ...

ْلَه 1 ىَلَع يِن ُّ لُدَت 2 ( ٍناَمُجْرُت ) ٍمِجْرَتُم 3 ؟ِةَّ يِبَرَعْلَو ِة َّ يِناَمـْلْ َلأ ِنْيَتَغ ُّ لـِل (8) Will you ...

4 a dog with her. The dog 5 thought 6 he was going to hit her, 7 so he jumped on the man 8 and bit 9 his leg. 1 يِف يِتَقيِدَص ُ ...

224 Chapter 30 Verbs with hamzah There are verbs where hamzah occurs as one of the radicals. These are called, َأْلـ ِف ْع ُل ْ ...

30.3 In some verbs, such as َأ َخ َذ
ah ̆ ad ̄ a, ‘to take’, and َأ َك َل
akala ‘to eat’, the initial hamzah is elided in th ...

sets of forms for the jussive and two alternative sets of forms for the imperative: (c) َسـ َأ َل sa
ala is conjugated regular ...

Exercises Practise your reading: 1 َأَّ نـَه 2 ِكِلَمـْل ُةَلَلاَج 3 ىَلَع َخ َ ّرَؤُمـْل 4 ) ٌلَمَع ( ِهِلاَمْعَأ 5 ِةَريِه ّ ...

responsibilities of men. They are responsible for both the 5 misery 7 and the happiness of the 6 family. 1 َدْعَب ُماَمِْلإ ُئِ ...

1 ُدَحَأ َلـِئـُس 2 ْنَع ِةَكِر َّ شل يِف َنيِلوُؤْسَمـْل 3 ٍةَلَأْسَم 4 ُق َّ لَعَتـَت 5 ِنْأَشِب 6 يِتَّ لا ِتاَياَف ُّ نل ...