The Foundations of Chemistry

Exercises 535 (a) Convert the latter value to standard molar heat of vaporization, H°vap, at 37°C. (b) Why is the heat of vapori ...

536 CHAPTER 13: Liquids and Solids (b) Using the following vapor pressure data, plot ln Pvs. 1/Tfor ethyl acetate, CH 3 COOC 2 H ...

Exercises 537 Exercises 73 and 74 refer to the phase diagram for sulfur on page (The vertical axis is on a logarithmic scale.) ...

538 CHAPTER 13: Liquids and Solids *093.A certain metal has a specific gravity of 10.200 at 25°C. It crystallizes in a body-cent ...

Exercises 539 109.The boiling points of HCl, HBr, and HI increase with increasing molecular weight. Yet the melting and boiling ...

540 CHAPTER 13: Liquids and Solids BUILDING YOUR KNOWLEDGE *122.More than 150 years ago Pierre Dulong and A. T. Petit discovered ...

Solutions 14 ...

OUTLINE The Dissolution Process 14-1 Spontaneity of the Dissolution Process 14-2 Dissolution of Solids in Liquids 14-3 Dissoluti ...

Solutions include different combinations in which a solid, liquid, or gas acts as either solvent or solute. Usually the solvent ...

Let us look at the first of these factors. If a solution gets hotter as a substance dissolves, energy is being released in the f ...

Most dissolving processes are accompanied by an overall increase in disorder. Thus, the disorder factor is usually favorableto s ...

The overall heat of solution for a solid dissolving in a liquid is equal to the heat of solvation minus the crystal lattic energ ...

When we write Na
(aq) and Cl(aq), we refer to hydrated ions. The number of H 2 O molecules attached to an ion differs with diff ...

DISSOLUTION OF LIQUIDS IN LIQUIDS (MISCIBILITY) In science, miscibilityis used to describe the ability of one liquid to dissolve ...

DISSOLUTION OF GASES IN LIQUIDS Based on Section 13-2 and the foregoing discussion, we expect that polar gases are most soluble ...

resulting solutions, called hydrohalic acids, contain predominantly ionized HX (XCl, Br, I). The ionization involves protonatio ...

frequently. Some of these collisions result in recrystallization. The rates of the two opposing processes become equal after som ...

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SOLUBILITY In Section 13-6 we introduced LeChatelier’s Principle, which states that when a stress is ap ...

Some solids, such as anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , and many liquids and gases dissolve by exothermic processes. Their solubilities usual ...

EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON SOLUBILITY Changing the pressure has no appreciable effect on the solubilities of either solids or liquids ...