Handbook of Hygiene Control in the Food Industry

section). Important considerations are that sporadic cases will often go undetected,since the focuswiththis methodis on larger i ...

2.2 Thecontrolof foodsafety Whena relevanthazardhas beendetermined in a certainfoodproduct or a relevant contaminationpathwayhas ...

wholeE. coliproblem couldbe reduced to zero,an overall reduction of 30%of totalinfectionswouldnot be achieved.Thesequantitativea ...

Apartfromthe fact that it is difficult to estimatethe numberof casesbasedon an FSO(or the other wayaround, to derivean FSOfroman ...

theirhighcontamination level. Thesesamplesare largelyaboveeveryFSOthat should be set. Therefore one could arguethat it is then n ...

logÖNÜàlogÖN 0 Üá k 1 t lnÖ 10 Ü á k 2 t lnÖ 10 Ü á k 3 t lnÖ 10 Ü á k 4 t lnÖ 10 Ü àH 0 áSC 1 áSC 2 áSC 3 áSC 4 Ö 2 : 4 Ü If, f ...

Fig. 2.7 Evaluation of a production process contaminated with Staph. aureus with characteristic numbers GC (growth characteristi ...

step(homogenising)with1 cfu/g,this doesnot givea highincreasein total number ofStaph. aureuscells,sincethe concentrationafterthe ...

simple modelto quantify recontaminationvia the air was developedby Whyte (1986): RcàCairvsAt=W Ö 2 : 7 Ü whereRcis the contamina ...

recontamination via the air using Monte Carlo simulations', Int. J. Food Microbiol., 87 (1-2),1±15. EVERS,E. G., FELS,H. J., NAU ...

3.1 Introduction:biofilmformation and detection This chapter deals with biofilm formation, sampling and detection methods, patho ...

extracellularmatrices, whichmainly consistof polysaccharidesand glyco- proteins, and are called biofilms (Wirtanen, 1995).The mi ...

surface,reversible and irreversibleadsorption to the surface,cell replication, transport of nutrientsand metabolism,productionof ...

cleaning agents and disinfectants(Holah et al., 1990; Flint et al., 1997; Wirtanenet al., 1997). Thechemical methodsused in the ...

3.2 Pathogensin biofilms It is somewhatalarmingto know thatpathogenssuchas Escherichiacoli O157:H7,Listeriamonocytogenes,Salmone ...

is commonin parts of the worldwheremilkis neitherboilednor pasteurised.It occurs,but much less frequently, in developed countrie ...

the biofilm formedaffectsthe wayin whichthe surfacesshouldbe cleaned. Oulahal-Lagsiret al. (2003) showed in theirstudies that pr ...

3.2.4 Listeria monocytogenesbiofilms Listeriamonocytogenesis a facultativelyanaerobicGram-positive,non-spore- formingshortrod th ...

permitting growth is 0.83. It readily produces enterotoxins, which are not destroyedin heattreatment (Robertset al., 1996). Stap ...

dairyplant. Additional contamination of milkby theB. cereusbiofilmwas shownto occurin the filling machine.DifferentBacillusspp., ...