1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd
20 Ahl al-Kitab Ages: Technology, Practice, and Representation(Philadel- phia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995); B. H. Sl ...
Alaric I 21 Alabaster Men: Sacred Images from Medieval England: Cat- alogue(London: Daniel Katz, 2001). Alan of Lille (Alain de ...
22 Albania and the Albanians Alaric moved south, seeking food and land for his people. His ultimate destination appears to have ...
Albertus Magnus, Saint 23 later became an ardent promoter of the vernacular for learned treatises. In 1434, Alberti accompanied ...
24 Albigensian Crusade intuitive conservationist. He advocated the proper use of manure, the planting of trees to arrest soil er ...
Alcántara, Order of 25 to the French Crown. The heiress of TOULOUSElater married the king’s second son, Alphonse of Poitiers. A ...
26 alchemy “perpetual administrators” of the assets of this rich order, thus making it a royal institution. See alsoRECONQUEST. ...
Alexander III, Pope 27 culture and learning, Alcuin wrote important political and liturgical works. He composed a number of sign ...
28 Alexander VI Rome. Old and sick, he died at Cività Castellana on August 30, 1181. Further reading:G. M. Ellis, trans., Boso’s ...
Alexios I Komnenos 29 The most important medieval poems about Alexan- der are the Latin Alexandreisof Gautier de Châtillon from ...
30 Alfonso V the Magnanimous in 1091. This victory, a turning point in Alexios’s career, enabled him to consolidate his hold on ...
Alhambra 31 to gain the Crown of the HOLYROMANEMPIRE, claimed through his German mother. Three successive popes opposed this. In ...
32 Alids Farther up the hill is a 14th-century summer palace called the Generalife that is linked to the main complex by gardens ...
Alighieri, Dante 33 A view of hell from the Infernoof Dante Alighieri, 15th-century engraving (Courtesy Library of Congress) ...
34 Ali ibn Abi Talib, Caliph papal and GUELPHparty, then divided into the Blacks and the Whites. The Blacks, with the backing of ...
Almoravids 35 compromising, seceded from Ali’s army, but they were soon defeated at the Battle of al-Nahrawan in Iraq in 658. Ma ...
36 almsgiving later AL-ANDALUSbetween 1056 and 1147. In the second quarter of the 11th century, on his return from a pilgrim- ag ...
Amalfi 37 MANZIKERTnear Lake Van. The Turks won a huge vic- tory. This battle, decided primarily by superior Turkish cavalry, wa ...
38 Ambrose, Saint East and West. Culturally, Amalfi fostered the influence of Byzantine works of art into the West. Amalfi also ...
anchorites and anchoresses 39 Turkey. Anatolia extends from the AEGEANSEAto the Euphrates River, and it is dominated by a large ...
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