1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd
40 Ancrenne Riwle temptations of demons were deemed too formidable when on one’s own. See alsoBENEDICTINE ORDER;HERMITS AND EREM ...
Anglo-Latin poetry 41 Angela of Foligno, Blessed (ca. 1248–1309)Francis- can mystic There is little sure information on Angela’s ...
42 Anglo-Norman language and literature throughout the rest of the Middle Ages. The oldest sur- viving poems in Latin by an Angl ...
animals and animal husbandry 43 writing in the chronicles not surprisingly varies from sec- tion to section. In general they are ...
44 Anjou population growth necessitated an expansion of culti- vated land at the expense of pasture or the cultivation of food s ...
Anselm of Canterbury, Saint 45 the divine message to Christ’s human mother. The com- position usually contained a small number o ...
46 Anselm of Canterbury, Saint the house of SAVOY, the leading territorial magnates of the region. Anselm’s parents possessed po ...
Anselm of Laon 47 GODon rational grounds. He used two arguments: To make any comparative judgment, it is necessary to have a sup ...
48 Anthony of Padua, Saint Anthony of Padua, Saint(1195–1231)Franciscan friar, theologian, and preacher Anthony of Padua was bor ...
anti-Judaism and anti-Semitism 49 anticlericalism The term and notion of anticlericalism was coined to name a condition that exi ...
50 Antioch Modern Anti-Semiticism(Berkeley: University of Califor- nia Press, 1997); Jeremy Cohen, The Friars and the Jews: The ...
apostolic succession 51 he lived in convents at Fiesole, Foligno, NAPLES, and ROME, finally in the convent of Saint Mark at FLOR ...
52 Apulia apostles by a continuous succession. Thus, bishops are considered the successors of the apostles, they perform the sam ...
Aquitaine 53 Further reading:Anton Pegis, ed., Basic Writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas,2 vols. (New York: Random House, 1945); No ...
54 Arabia In 1137, Duke William X (d. 1137) assigned all his domains and his heiress, his eldest daughter ELEANOR,to the wardshi ...
Aragon 55 control over Aragon and recovered from Muslim raids from the south. He systematized a network of monaster- ies across ...
56 archery At Peter’s death the kingdom fell into chaos because of the lack of a successor. Ramiro II the Monk (r. 1134–57) lef ...
Aristotle and Aristotelianism in the Middle Ages 57 law without having to be proved themselves by the sum- moning of their origi ...
58 Arithmatic FIRST ERA (OF LOGIC) In the mid-fourth century, a Greek paraphrase of Aristo- tle’s Categoriesin Latin appeared. I ...
Armenia 59 Armenia The geographical position of Armenia on the Armenian plateau beyond the Euphrates River and of Greater Armeni ...
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