Genetics of Apoptosis
germ-cell nuclei are only partially enclosed by a plasma membrane and are thus part of a syncytium. Until the onset of diakinesi ...
cell-death machinery upon developmental and environmental signals have to be further elucidated. In addition, some emphasis has ...
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10. Apoptosis in Drosophila Kristin White 1. Introduction Genetically tractable model systems have proven invaluable in identify ...
Using this assay, genetic screens were undertaken for mutations that perturbed the overall level of apoptosis in the embryo (Whi ...
for the deletion that removes all three of these genes (Grether et al., 1995; Chen et al., 1996; White et al., 1996). This demon ...
no longer be bound by Rpr or Hid, supporting a role for direct physical interactions between the proteins. The Drosophila caspas ...
4. Caspases are required for Rpr-, Grim-, Hid-, and SkI-induced apoptosis Seven caspases have been identified in Drosophila. Dre ...
Overexpression of an upstream mediator of this response, Imd, results in increased Rpr expression and apoptosis (Georgel et al., ...
WD domain similar to Apaf-1, and this form binds to cytochrome c. Provocatively, a short form of Ark has been reported by one gr ...
et al., 2000). This may reflect a role for Debcl in Ark-mediated facilitation of caspase activation, or it may simply reflect a ...
activity of a limited number of transcription factors, which in turn integrate several signaling pathways. Furthermore, it is no ...
protein is required for DNA damage-induced cell death (Brodsky et al., 2000; Ollmann et al., 2000). A radiation-responsive eleme ...
Embryos that are homozygous for a deletion that removes Rpr, Grim, and Hid lack all developmental apoptosis, and are lethal at t ...
the huge excess of cells, most of these embryos develop and hatch into larvae, although at a slower rate of development. Examina ...
understand the phenotypes resulting from mutations in developmentally important genes. Many of the pathways that regulate apopto ...
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11. Cell-culture systems in apoptosis Stefan Grimm 1. Introduction: advantages of cell culture to investigate apoptosis Cell cul ...
plates. This is especially important for cell-death research, since many proapoptotic stimuli, such as H 2 O 2 , UV irradiation, ...
an apoptotic signal are already present in the cell and only have to be activated upon apoptosis induction (Jacobson et al., 199 ...
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