Genetics of Apoptosis
al., 1996), caspases (Kang et al., 1999), and Apaf-1/CED-4 (James et al., 1997), has been found to be lethal for yeast. Further ...
expression of caspase-8 is cytotoxic. In contrast, autoactivation of executioner caspase-3 or -6 from proforms cannot be detecte ...
of cytochrome c but also a decrease in the amount of cytochrome c oxidase. They have shown that the decrease of cytochrome c oxi ...
This puts ROS at a central position in yeast apoptosis. Yeast cells are also more sensitive to H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis when v ...
to apoptosis, indicating that E4orf4-induced events in yeast and mammalian cells are highly conserved. In mammalian cells, inhib ...
Cells have developed mechanisms to detoxify ROS and to repair oxidative damage, but this can only reduce, not completely prevent ...
genes coding for superoxide dismutase (Barker et al., 1999) or catalase, changes in atmospheric oxygen partial pressure, and add ...
Consistently, in a yeast mutant lacking P5C dehydrogenase, proline leads to growth inhibition and formation of ROS. P5C dehydrog ...
10. Perspectives The finding of factors relevant to apoptosis in animals and yeast and even lower eukaryotes suggests that apopt ...
8. Evolution of cell death: caspase-mediated mechanisms in early metazoans; noncaspase mechanisms in single-celled eukaryotes An ...
2. Cell death in Cnidaria and Porifera Cnidaria are the phylogenetically oldest Eumetazoa. The phylum includes the first multice ...
as shown in Figure 1. Chromatin degradation to nucleosome-sized fragments (laddering) was also observed (Cikala et al., 1999). A ...
2.2 Apoptosis during gamete development in Hydra Oogenesis provides a further example of apoptosis in Hydra. During oocyte devel ...
Hydractinia is a colonial hydrozoan that forms a stolon network covered with polyps. The colonies consist primarily of sexual po ...
2.4 Programmed cell death in Porifera Although species of the Porifera (sponges) are clearly multicellular, they lack the struct ...
bacterial substrates until food becomes limited. This situation triggers a differentiation program that involves aggregation of ...
has suggested that programmed cell death evolved during establishment of endosymbiosis between bacteria and the ancestors of the ...
(Tetrahymena proliferation-activating factor, TPAF) has been isolated and shown to enhance survival at low cell density (Schousb ...
can both induce and inhibit apoptosis in host cells, indicating that parts of the parasites’ death machinery interacts with the ...
9. Programmed cell death in C.elegans Anton Gartner, Arno Alpi and Björn Schumacher 1. Introduction Apoptosis—the term will be u ...
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