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The selection pressure to shift to a high-quality, more animal-based, energy-dense diet may have involved the increase in brain ...
Novel processing techniques and the use of condiments and spices create variety and culturally specific cuisines (Armelogos 2010 ...
pessimistic conclusion: Unlike a climatic storm that is over in a few hours or days, the obesity‘storm’has and will continue to ...
(Wansink 2010 : 18). No onefinished all the popcorn. When those receiving the large bucket were asked if they thought they had e ...
consumed on the average 15 oz (443 ml), that is 73% more with some people consuming nearly a liter of soup in 20 min. All partic ...
20% reduction in the typical portion size is tolerated and generally goes unnoticed. When portions are cut by 30% or more, peopl ...
experimental studies (including some of Wansink’s studies) found only a marginal effect of dishware size on food intake (Robinso ...
the plate and food reduced over- and underserving bias on both small and large plates (Van Ittersum and Wansink 2012 ). In addit ...
pooled from 5 large validation studies of both FFQs and 24-h dietary recall found that the average correlation coefficients for ...
prominently displaying milk and fruit, and making the unhealthy choices of candy and chips less visible and accessible (Thaler a ...
Maternal diets prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy, and when breast feeding can affect the taste preferences of neonates (Trout ...
This section has reviewed a number of factors in the obesogenic food envi- ronment that increase food intake in, generally, unaw ...
nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) receives information from the oral cavity (e.g., gustation) and the gastrointestinal tract a ...
account, in part, for the wide range offindings in both animal and human studies. For example, cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted ...
salivary glands are activated; the stomach secretes gastric acid, gastrin, lipase, leptin, and ghrelin; the intestines secrete b ...
but also many other emotional and cognitive aspects. Impaired satiety and reward control systems can lead to overconsumption, pa ...
orbital frontal cortex (pleasure associated) to the lateral orbital frontal cortex (aversion associated) areas (Small et al. 200 ...
exceeded 460 kg (1000 lbs) with the heaviest person weighing 635 kg (1,400 lb), and having a BMI of 186. Fat is a very efficient ...
lower sweet taste thresholds in the morning associated with lower plasma con- centrations of leptin. Changes in leptin concentra ...
fat in response to physical or psychogenic stress (Kuo et al. 2007 ). High-fat, high-sugar diets stimulate the release of NPY co ...
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