Advances in the Study of Bilingualism
(in which the switch occurs within the sentence or a clause) and intersenten- tial switches (in which the switch occurs outside ...
To date, the purposeful concurrent use of languages in bilingual class- rooms has not been well theorised, widely researched nor ...
García (2009a: 298) describes how bilingual or multilingual discourse can be achieved in classrooms. She identifies the followin ...
García’s definition of translanguaging is more flexible than Williams’ (1994, 1996) and is defined as ‘the responsible use of hy ...
clear-cut boundaries between the languages of bilinguals, but functional integration. For García (2009a) and Creese and Blackled ...
2009a), there were 464 Welsh medium primary schools (54,895 pupils) and 54 Welsh medium secondary schools (40,756 pupils). In th ...
language lessons were excluded from this study although integrated language development and content learning was evident in most ...
arrangements, assessment, language support for different groups of pupils, liaison with home/community, training; non-participa ...
translation (including translation for the whole class, translation to sup- port L2 learner, translation of subject-related ter ...
Language Arrangements within Bilingual Education 151 Table 7.3 Language arrangements within bilingual classrooms in Wales Langua ...
152 Part 4: Bilingual Education Table 7.3 (continued) Language Arrangements in Classrooms Typical Language of the Classroom Typi ...
Classroom language arrangements compared with age group of pupils As pupils move up in school and become more confidently biling ...
154 Part 4: Bilingual Education Table 7.6 Nine fold classroom language arrangement compared with age group of pupils Language Ar ...
translation of terminology was found mostly in the secondary school for pupils aged 11 to 16. However, translation for L2 learne ...
156 Part 4: Bilingual Education Table 7.7 Nine fold classroom language arrangements compared with subject content of lesson Lang ...
Language Arrangements within Bilingual Education 157 Translation for L2 learner N Lessons% within LA% within Subject (^5) 45.5%2 ...
and the second being pupil-directed translanguaging (which can be classi- fied as translanguaging activities undertaken independ ...
translanguaging with teacher support and is evident when the teacher attempts to scaffold the translanguaging activity for emerg ...
The information was discussed in Welsh and the discussion was based on the interpretation of the relevant information for the co ...
to manage it’ (Bruner, 1983: 60). Baker’s (2006: 303) reference to ‘scaffold- ing languaging’ is relevant in this context and re ...
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