A Grammar of Madurese

24 Chapter 2 Phonology At other times, precisely the opposite obtains–cognates in which Madurese has a high vowel where Indonesi ...

Syllable structure and phonotactic constraints 25 The opposite correspondence obtains in some cognates. Indonesian /a/ is // in ...

26 Chapter 2 Phonology (13) Madurese Indonesian Javanese /əccɛ/ [əccɛ] /at/ /cɛt/ ‘paint’ /əccam/ [əccam] /am/ /am/ ...

Syllable structure and phonotactic constraints 27 ‘what’, and so on, particularly when occurring before a significant pause. Thi ...

28 Chapter 2 Phonology or [n].^15 Some examples follow. (18) [alɔ] ‘brazier’, [bulɔn] ‘type of tree’, [cɔlɛt] ‘type of lamp’, ...

Vowel inventory and distribution 29 4. Vowel inventory and distribution While there are occasional discrepancies in the consonan ...

30 Chapter 2 Phonology items. Stevens (1968) estimates that 95% of all Madurese words make use of these alternating vowels. Each ...

Vowel inventory and distribution 31 word internally as well. In [ɛki] ‘tall’, the non-high [ɛ] follows the voiceless unaspira ...

32 Chapter 2 Phonology (24) ə ~   ə  p pəkkɨl ‘angry’ p pɨkkəm ‘grip’ t təbbɨl ‘thick’ b bɨccɛ ‘good’ ṭ ṭ ...

Vowel inventory and distribution 33 The forms in (26) further illustrate the pattern with surface root and actor voice forms, de ...

34 Chapter 2 Phonology lyses in which the conditioning environment depends on a feature that they refer to as [lowered larynx] w ...

Vowel inventory and distribution 35 the height of the vowel in the preceding syllable. This is illustrated in the data in (30).^ ...

36 Chapter 2 Phonology (31) Lexical items with non-alternating vowels^21 [ban] ‘tire’ [ba] ‘bank’ [bɔla] ‘ball’ [bɔrgɔl] ‘manac ...

Vowel inventory and distribution 37 In order to account for these instances of [i] and [u] outside the conditioning environment, ...

38 Chapter 2 Phonology the analysis of recordings of one male and one female speaker from East Madu- ra indicate the vowel space ...

Vowel inventory and distribution 39 results indicate that speakers vary with respect to the strength and prevalence of this proc ...

40 Chapter 2 Phonology nɛa  nɛa  [neã’intend’  ɛa+ɛ  ɛãe’remember’ As it is unimportant to points whi ...

Phonological processes 41 Note that in the form [ablaki] ‘tell about’, [] is inserted not between two identical surface vow ...

42 Chapter 2 Phonology (44) məllɛ + aki  [məllɛjaki] ‘buy for’ (actor voice) a + aɔ + aki  aaɔwaki] ‘convince’ (actor ...

Phonological processes 43 lowing syllable. (45) illustrates. (47) ɛ.rɛm ‘send’ + a ‘IRR’  [ɛ.rɛma] ‘send (IRR)’ In (47), [m] ...