Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands
of Han agriculture to“fill the borders”(shibian) in response to over- population, imperialist pressure, and Mongol elite blandis ...
By the mid–nineteenth century, however, state control had completely deteriorated into the eighteen-year Panthay Rebellion ( 185 ...
people nor plants alone, but a specific set of cultivation relations, which could also involve agriculturally Sinified indigenou ...
As with Zhang Zhidong’s proposals for southern Mongolia, Bao’s more generalized solutions are predicated on human impositions ra ...
shack people to have moved in from Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Liangguang to clear land in southeastern Yunnan’s two sou ...
qualifies analyses emphasizing“external”security and market factors driving migration over those related to the unsustainable ag ...
to the major Qing competitor for regional hegemony, the Konbaung. Some of the stimulating and inhibiting effects of this rivalry ...
Mengmian, Mengding, Zhefang, Longchuan, Mengmao, Menglian, and Ganya, as listed by Zhou Huafeng in his commentary discussed in C ...
projects of ethnic categorization to abet a Qing local colonialism.^69 No single condition of contraction, stasis, or expansion ...
contemplated by dynastic officials such as Gao Qizhuo. Indeed, just as it had in Cai Yurong’s time, this mountainous disease env ...
effective inner frontier zone:“Even the native chieftainships within the frontier cannot be defended. How can the inhabitants of ...
A century later, local disease conditions seem to have overcome whatever multiethnic harmony existed. Almost another half centur ...
land, people, and the identities formed from the intersection of the two. An open season on highland and borderlandfields ensued ...
an 1851 response to accusations of concealment by Han cultivators. Qi asserted that any household clearing new land for cultivat ...
disincentives for local administrators to apply tax relief for environmental disasters with precision. Officials would have had ...
distort state perceptions about the amount of land actually cleared for cultivation in China proper around this time. This memor ...
other variables, as well as track related declines in ground cover and discount unsustainable cultivation, a more environmental ...
in places that had become geographically and, therefore, culturally isol- ated. It also allows this habitat to spread beyond tra ...
3 Pomeranz,“How Exhausted an Earth?” 7 , 9 ; Lee and Campbell,Fate and Fortune, 28 – 31 , 44 ; Wang Yejian and Huang Yingjue,“Qi ...
16 For a representative example of this view, which teleologically privileges Han arabalist development and ignores pastoralism, ...
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