Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands
twenty years”through natural attrition from illness or punishment for revolt. Nevertheless, Ni made an exception to this otherwi ...
Mianning, converted from a native chieftainship into part of Yunnan proper in 1746 , had at least twenty strategic locales withi ...
1769 , troops were being ordered to move along high ground to avoid malaria-infested areas. The throne’s decision was a concessi ...
Similar dependencies are implied in Gao Qizhuo’s deliberations on the supply of proposed garrisons for the restive Lukuishan reg ...
while sweltering rainy periods promoted them.^100 Mosquito lifecycles were similarly influenced, and it is possible that the bro ...
by“years” of military action. These chieftainships were, moreover, “all” located in malarial areas, whose noninfectious season w ...
postwar trade embargo, which appears to have been only nominally enforced until its 1790 termination. Major wild migration can b ...
tasks that some provincial officials wished to replace them entirely with junxiansubprefectures, districts, and departments. Con ...
demonstrated. Officials’rhetorical assertions that particular groups were chieftainships did not prevent these groups from collu ...
never really implemented or even seriously contemplated. The dynasty’s inability to grasp Zomi-culture in anything but human ter ...
8 Belin, “Jin Yunnan zhongren tushuo,” 13 : 13. 6 a–b; Shunning fuzhi, 1 : 508 – 9. The Kawa (now the PRC minority Wa), allies o ...
24 Qingdai Sanxing Fu Dutong Yamen Man Han wen dang’an yibian,# 74 , 204 – 05 ; Chang,“Disease and Its Impact on Politics, Diplo ...
of Ignorance,” 647 – 68. My comments about Zomia here are restricted pri- marily to Yunnan in general and its southwestern zone ...
56 Wang Lüjie,“Gaitu guiliu shuo,” 11 : 6 , 687 – 88 ;Yongzhengchao Hanwen zhupi,YZ 10 / 1 / 28 , 21 : 771 a; YZ 9 / 8 / 1 , 20 ...
71 For a recent comparative study of cases in Yunnan and Hainan, see Lin et al., “Spatial and temporal distribution of falciparu ...
81 MWLF, QL 32 / 11 / 23 [ 03 - 182 - 2254 - 026 ], 32 / 12 / 5 [ 03 - 182 - 2254 - 037 ]. For an insightful discussion of Qing ...
91 QSL,QL 31 / 2 / 22 , 18 : 315 a- 16 a, QL 31 / 3 / 9 , 18 : 329 a–b, QL 33 / 8 / 19 , 18 : 1073 a–b; Zhou Yuli,“Tiao chen zhe ...
108 Rowe,“Education and Empire in Southwest China”; Herman,“Empire in the Southwest,” 58 – 60 ; Smith,“Ch’ing Policy,” 147 – 44 ...
5 Borderland Hanspace in the Nineteenth Century When considering the quantity ofqicirculating in the cosmos, there was, after th ...
the state’s relation to heterarchical diversity begins to break down. State assertions become correspondingly less authoritative ...
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