The Afghanistan Wars - William Maley

imagine (Maley, 1991b). A British journalist, visiting the ravished countryside, remarked that it was if someone had dropped a b ...

tact of a person or vehicle. ‘Blast’ mines cause damage through the expansion of heated gases, while ‘fragmentation’ mines injur ...

execution. Information to facilitate military operations was gath- ered in a number of different ways. Helicopters were of cours ...

Army was ‘riddled with informers’ (McMichael, 1991: 107), and Soviet soldiers often spoke scornfully of their Afghan counterpart ...

emigré journal Strana i mir, which concluded that 62 per cent of respondents did not support the war, and 41 per cent of Communi ...

positively misleading to attempt to sum up the war’s costs in a simple figure. But as to human costs, three points deserve to be ...

in March 1979, were forgotten by his colleagues who took the deci- sion to intervene in Afghanistan, and the consequences were t ...

3 The Development of Afghan Resistance If there was one thing predictable following the Soviet invasion, it was that Soviet forc ...

complex phenomenon, and its complexity was accentuated by the diverse interests of its different elements, of military circles i ...

Afghanistan’s Shiite minority, and in spiritual Sufi brotherhoods. But as an ideology of resistance, Islam was to prove extraord ...

warning, based on experience, of his colleague Emilian Iaroslavskii, Head of the League of Militant Atheists: ‘Religion is like ...

to take time off to plant crops and then to harvest them (Dupree, 1989: 30–1). War was prosecuted by loose networks, often based ...

While some of these groups had reasonable weaponry – mostly captured in operations against the communists or handed over by defe ...

1995: 79–95; Olesen, 1995: 274–97; Rubin, 1995a: 196–225; Dorronsoro, 2000: 155–89); here I can only identify those which were f ...

Kabul University, was a modernist Islamic party, and notably more open than Hekmatyar’s party in which the dictates of the leade ...

regional commander was Mawlawi Jalaluddin Haqqani, a Jadran Pushtun associated with Khalis’s Hezbwho came to play a role in the ...

occasion the regime was confronted with examples of determined opposition. In January 1980, there were major displays of resist- ...

countries (Miller, 2000: 76). However, it was a role driven not by altruism, but by calculations of Pakistan’s interests at a nu ...

East Pakistan broke away with Indian support to form the state of Bangladesh (Cloughley, 1999: 144–238), having endured a geno- ...

during his period as Prime Minister (Dupree, 1973: 538–58; Ganguly, 1998: 162–92); an intersection in downtown Kabul was named ‘ ...