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GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (GN) Are group of diseases of inflammatory or non-inflammatory nature involving the renal glomeruli. PATHOGEN ...

Glomerulonephritis can be classified on the basis of (I) the etiologic cause; (II) the histopathologic findings on examination o ...

Light microscopy may show either no abnormality or minimal increase in mesangial cellularity. Also, immunofluorescent microscopy ...

Proliferative glomerulonephritis: According to the site of proliferation within the renal glomeruli, this type could be sub-div ...

(III) Clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis: Patient with glomerulonephritis may present with any of the following five ...

Characterized by slowly (over months to years) progressive uraemia and the patient usually presents with manifestations of chron ...

Renal vein thrombosis. Congenital and familial conditions. Pathology: See pathologic classification of glomerular diseases (Pa ...

Glomerular damage Proteinuria Hypoalbuminaemia Decreased plasma oncotic pressure Starling Forces Water retention OEDEMA Decrease ...

receptors which will result in a decrease in secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). 3- Renin secreted by juxta glomerula ...

Hypertension: may be detected in nearly 50% of the cases, according to the etiologic and pathologic type of nephrotic syndrome. ...

a. Increased concentration of coagulation factors resulting from an increased hepatic synthesis e.g. fibrinogen, factor III, and ...

Anemia: Due to nutritional deficiencies and urinary loss of transferrin. Investigations of Nephrotic Syndrome: Urine analysis ...

Rest in bed during exacerbation to promote diuresis and early ambulation with remission to avoid DVT. Diet: salt restricted sup ...

This improves circulating blood volume and prevents hypotension or shock during the procedure. Corticosteroids are given when t ...

Usually the patients present with manifestations of acute nephritic syndrome with oliguria, smoky urine, puffiness of the face a ...

glomeruli. Severe cases may show glomerular crescents (cases presenting clinically with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis). ...

Systemic lupus Erythematosus and lupus nephritis SLE is an autoimmune disease with systemic manifestations. It affects 1/10,000 ...

Diagnosis: The diagnosis should be confirmed by screening for Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and the more specific anti-double st ...

mg/kg/d, (6) Cyclosporin A 5mg/kg/d, orally; and/or (7) Plasma exchange. Generally, the target of treatment is to induce remissi ...

Wegener's granulomatosus mainly involves small vessels with early, major disease of respiratory tract excluding asthma. Granulom ...