Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

495 29 rolling, extrusion, forging, etc., and subsequent thermal treatment result further modify the crystalline microstruc- tur ...

496 29 29.1.3 Conditions for Detecting Electron Channeling Contrast Specimen Preparation Channeling contrast effects are created ...

497 29 between these two crystal structures. Both applications add an important new tool to the SEM.  The SEM now has the capabi ...

498 29 29.2.1 Origin of EBSD Patterns EBSD patterns are obtained in the SEM by illuminating a highly tilted specimen with a stat ...

499 29 zone axes are clearly visible. In high quality patterns as shown in. Fig. 29.11, there are many other features that are v ...

500 29 For EBSD, we tilt the sample at a high angle with respect to the electron beam. This tilt is important to obtaining the h ...

501 29 where θ is the sample tilt with respect to the horizontal, Lperp is the resolution perpendicular to the tilt axis, and Lp ...

502 29 which are easier for image analysis software to find. It is possible to adjust the resolution parameters of the Hough tra ...

503 29 instrumentation particulars) and a backscattered electron image obtained. These images are sensitive to the crystallogra- ...

504 29 with the beam’s size not being larger than the features of interest within the sample. Modern EBSD cameras have been deve ...

505 29 Run the Automated Map Once all of the previous steps have been carried out it is now time to collect the crystallographic ...

506 29 Pole figure [Au_20kv_5kx_280pa_r: Iron fcc (m3m) Complete data set 39083 data points Equal Area projection Upper hemisphe ...

507 29 figure to an image. In order to do this we must first assign a color to each direction in the inverse pole figure stereo- ...

508 29 grains have an <111 > direction normal to the sample sur- face. There are also some areas that are green in the map ...

509 29 show up as single pixels surrounded by correctly indexed pix- els. The software searches through the data and where there ...

510 29 of 6 nm and demonstrates the superior resolution that can be attained with think samples and the TKD method. 29.2.10 Appl ...

511 29 to have fully transformed to ferrite. On further cooling, the ferrite, super-saturated with Ni, then was thought to decom ...

512 29 {100} {100} {110} {110} {111} {111} Y Y Z Z X X . Fig. 29.25 Pole figures from the austenite (top) and the ferrite (bot- ...

513 29 texture of the samples and an understanding of the fine details present in the microstructure were extremely useful in de ...

514 29 Selection of Candidate Crystallographic Phases EBSD requires the possible phases that will be analyzed to be selected bef ...