Genetics of Apoptosis
of these death-signaling pathways. We also review the physiologic role of death receptors and describe pathologic conditions tha ...
(Earnshaw et al., 1999). Caspases are divided into distinct subfamilies according to their structural and sequence identities, a ...
apoptosis in response to diverse death stimuli (Earnshaw et al., 1999). As such, caspases represent the fundamental executioners ...
(FADD-DN) in T cells (Newton et al., 1998; Zornig et al., 1998) have demonstrated that FADD is essential for induction of apopto ...
mitochondrial disruption and release of prodeath cofactors (cytochrome c, Smac/ DIABLO). The interaction of cytochrome c with Ap ...
that leads to mitochondrial disruption and release of a cocktail of prodeath cofactors (such as cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO) in ...
protection from tBID-induced apoptosis. Cells from caspase-9-/-, Apaf-/-, or caspase-3-/- mice remain viable for 24 h after retr ...
an obligatory role in death receptor-induced apoptosis of cell types that do not express caspase-10, such as many cancer cells ( ...
(CD95L) is, however, restricted to cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, and antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Li, J.H. et al., 1998). Aki ...
4.2 Inhibition of DD signaling by silencer of death domains (SODD) The DDs of death receptors (TNF-R1, CD95, DR3, DR4, and DR5) ...
mice are hypersensitive to TNF-α- or CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis (Yeh et al., 2000). Akin to v-FLIP, c-FLIP appears to function a ...
et al., 2000). It remains to be determined whether CKs cooperate with PKC or other kinases in the phosphorylation of BID. The Se ...
responsible for the antiapoptotic effects of IAPs, cIAP-1 and C-IAP2 also interact with the TNFR1-associated proteins, TRAF-1 an ...
α and interleukin-1 (IL-1). The C-terminus of IKKγ subunit serves as a docking site for upstream signals, and the N-terminal hal ...
turn, activates the IκB kinase (IKK) and IKKβ-dependent activation of NF-κB (Malinin et al., 1997; Kelliher et al., 1998; Scheid ...
receptor-signaling pathway. By inducing the concurrent expression of multiple antiapoptotic proteins, NF-κB exerts a multipronge ...
In certain cell types, inhibition of NF-κB by a degradation-resistant mutant of IκBα results in increased Bax promoter activity ...
Expression of death receptors Cell-surface expression of CD95/Fas is elevated by immune activation of lymphocytes or in response ...
sensitizes cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis (Tang et al., 2001b). Conversely, over- expression of a caspase-resistant mutant of ...
induced cleavage of XIAP at Asp^24 generates a COOH-terminal fragment that potentiates CD95-induced apoptosis (Deveraux et al., ...
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