Genetics of Apoptosis
BH3 peptides (Degterev et al., 2001), or using docking simulations for Bcl-2 protein structures (modeled on the BH3 peptide: Bcl ...
exposed BH3 domain, while the BH3 domain is buried in antiapoptotic proteins. Exposure of the BH3 domain is believed to enable i ...
3.1 Endoplasmic reticulum targeting Lee et al. (1999) selectively targeted Bcl-2 to mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) w ...
3.2 Sequestration at non-mitochondrial sites Non-mitochondrial localization of proapoptotic BH proteins has become the rule rath ...
(Ayllon et al., 2000), PP2A (Chiang, C.W. et al., 2001) and PP2B, or calcineurin (Wang, H.G. et al., 1999). Other BH3 proteins i ...
ATP depletion during hypoxia. Maintenance of glycolytic ATP production during hypoxia prevented Bax translocation, while uncoupl ...
GM-CSF following T-cell receptor-mediated mitogenic signaling. Increased levels of Bcl-2 inhibited nuclear translocation of NFAT ...
independent of survival activity. Bcl-2 induces differentiation in human neural-crest derived tumor cells (Zhang et al., 1996) a ...
Figure 1. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL support divergent cell lineage fates. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in FCDPMix(A4) progenitor cells transduced wit ...
4. Functional domains in apoptosis proteins Kay Hofmann 1. Introduction The analysis of the modular structure of apoptotic signa ...
A point of convergence between receptor-induced apoptosis and that elicited by different stimuli is the triggering of the mitoch ...
as by the N- or C-terminus of the protein or by an adjacent well-characterized domain. Thus, not all local similarities claimed ...
then deposited in one of the existing domain databases, which can be used to analyze newly identified sequences for their domain ...
2.1 The TNF family Two excellent reviews covering all aspects of the TNF and TNFR families have appeared recently (Locksley et a ...
2.2 The TNFR family All known receptors for members of the TNF family belong to a large and heterogeneous protein family with 29 ...
known members of the TNFR family act as receptors exclusively for members of the TNF family, with p75NGFR being the only excepti ...
respects. It does not bind to a member of the TNF family but rather to the unrelated nerve growth factor (NGF), and its role in ...
the NGF-receptor, the death-associated protein kinase DAPK, and several proteins of the NF-κB activation pathway (Feinstein et a ...
The typical death domain spans a region of approximately 90 residues with pairwise similarities between selected members being a ...
‘developmental’ pathway in flies, where the TOLL receptor signals via the DD proteins TUBE and PELLE, as well as for the ‘immuno ...
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