The Evolution of Operational Art. From Napoleon to the Present

of war transformed, but a whole new field of intellectual study—the art of war— was created, replacing codes of chivalry. Also i ...

Jiangsu–Zhejiang War and the Zhili–Fengtian War—were waged ‘in the style of the First World War’. The wars comprised campaigns o ...

China successfully detonated its first nuclear device in 1964. 45 Equally important was the decision in 1965 to develop a ballis ...

In modern times, Mao Zedong also urged his generals to maintain the initia- tive—even when on the strategic defensive during the ...

breakthroughs in siege warfare, these fortifications were quite effective in warding off enemies. But such fortifications did no ...

value and was not only a great victory, but proved to be the ‘turning point’ of the entire campaign. 60 Moreover, for much of it ...

regroup as well as the importance of Chinese generals needing to reassess opera- tional imperatives, Mao insisted CPV commander ...

Chinese people; at times, the goal appears to be to defeat enemy forces in a decisive manner on the field of battle; at other ti ...

instance was a desire for the countries concerned to take China more seriously. Because Beijing believed it was perceived as wea ...

CPV could prepare for the next campaign. Beijing had decided that its strategic goal was the occupation of the entire Korean Pen ...

natural disasters, such as the tragic 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Doctrinal develop- ment suggests refinements and increasing sophi ...

Kentucky, 2007); Bruce A. Elleman,Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795–1989(London: Routledge, 2001); Peter Lorge,War, Politics, and Soc ...

Strategies and Their Implications for the United States(Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2007). On the PLA’s threat to the US military, s ...

These different means of achieving victory are highlighted by Lieutenant General Li Jijun, former vice-president of the Academy ...

Li,A History of the Modern Chinese Army, 174. Li Jijun,Traditional Military Thinking and the Defensive Strategy of China,4. On ...

Allen S. Whiting,The Chinese Calculus of Deterrence: India and Indochina(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1975). Th ...

Conclusion John Andreas Olsen and Martin van Creveld This book has presented various perspectives on the evolution of operationa ...

desired end state and the best way to achieve it. Yet, to state the obvious, ‘every war must end’, and success in warfare is det ...

currently based on an outdated view of warfare. He concludes that if opera- tional art is to be relevant and useful in the futur ...

NOTES Herbert Rosinski, ‘Scharnhorst to Schlieffen: “The Rise and Decline of German Military Thought”’,Naval War College Review ...