War by Revolution. Germany and Great Britain in the Middle East in the Era of World War I
218 WARBYREVOLUTION theendofDecember, theForeignOfficedispatchedordersto SirHorace Rumboldin Bern todeveloppeaceapproacheswithth ...
TOWARDANALLIEDVICTORY 219 investigationofthematterbytheforeignsecretary,Balfour,revealed thatpossiblyaBritishagenthadmadetheunau ...
Epilogue The War's End, /9/8 Duringthelastmonthsofthewarthefortunesofbothsidesebbed backandforthuntilinSeptemberandOctober 1918 ...
THEWAR'SEND 221 Also,thefanaticalpan-TuranianambitionsofEnverPashaand TalaatPasha-whichweresymbolizedbytheOttomanattackon Transc ...
222 WARBYREVOLUTION bitterdifferenceswithTurkishmilitaryleaders,byinsufficienttroops, weapons,andfood,andbythediversionbytheTurk ...
THEWAR'SEND 223 hisfather.Withinthesharifiancamp,conflictsexistedbetweenthe son,whowasphysicallycutofffromtheHijazandhadmovednor ...
224 WARBYREVOLUTION theTurkishFourthArmyfearedthatwiththearrivaloftherainy seasonin several weekstheBritishwouldresumetheiroffen ...
THEWAR'SEND 225 inMarchofthenotoriousGermanagentPreusserhadlessenedmuch oftheanti-BritishagitationamonglocalArabs.Mostimportantf ...
226 WARBYREVOLUTION andIndianrevolutionarycommitteesinBerlinandStockholmhad collapsed.TheBerlincommittee,insultedattheendof 1917 ...
THEWAR'SEND 227 ImmediatelytheroughlytwentythousandGermantroopsand officers inTurkeywereevacuatedacrosstheBlack Sea;withthem wer ...
228 WARBYREVOLUTION BySeptember 1919 theWeimargovernmentwaspayingsubsidies toatleastfiftyOrientals,mostofthemlivinginSwitzerland ...
THEWAR'SEND 229 Furthermore,thenumeroussecretagreementsandovertprom- isesontheMiddleEastconcludedbyBritainduringthewarwiththe Fr ...
230 WARBYREVOLUTION toconfirmFaysal askingofthecountry.HenceforthArabfrustra- tionandbitternessled to apatternofwidespreadviolen ...
NOTES PREFACE 1.Theterm"MiddleEast" raisesproblemsofdefinition,butinthisstudythe conventionestablishedinWesternusage is(moreor l ...
232 NOTESTO PAGExi 108-II,159;Landau,46-47;Neil AsherSilberman,DiggingforGodandCountry:Ex- ploration,Archeology,andthe SecretStr ...
NOTESTO PAGESxii-2 233 Germany,japan,andIndianNationalistsintheSecondWorldWar,chapter1. 12.Briefsummariesare inMartinKroger,"Rev ...
234 NOTESTO PAGES2-4 TheOxfordHistoryotBritain,ed.KennethO.Morgan,562-63;andMonroe,12-14. SeePeterHopkirk,The Great Game: TheSt ...
NOTESTO PAGES4-6 235 218-19;Schollgen,28-29;Wehler,175-76;Herwig,HammerorAnvil?131;andVolkerR. Berghahn,ImperialGermany,187I-19I ...
236 NOTESTOPAGES6-8 activelyopposedwiththeMoroccansultanandamongrulingcirclesFrance'smove towardestablishingaprotectoratethere;n ...
NOTESTO PAGES8-12 237 28.LamarCecil,WilhelmII: PrinceandEmperor,1859-1900,321-22, 281,137-38. DespiteGermany'sincreasedcommercew ...
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