The Russian Empire 1450–1801

Most of the people on whom Russia depended for local control (Russian gentry, bands of Cossacks, co-opted Siberian elites) did n ...

the global nexus of trade that developed between about 1400 and 1800 was specific and new, a“global early modern”that extended f ...

“Eurasian empire”was different, each“empire of difference”was different, but this approach to political control worked well for ...

Kenneth Pomeranz has argued that it occurred already in these centuries, but others see such supremacy solidifying only in the n ...

led a monumental codification of law, resulting not only in a chronological“complete collection”of laws from 1649 to 1825 (in ov ...

religions and ethnicities, balance of coercion and co-optation in governing. Its Sunni Muslim sultans espoused a patrimonial ide ...

Orient: Imperial Borderlands and Peoples, 1700– 1917 (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1997), 9–26. Visions of empir ...

of space and resources and also by the dominant culture of the“Three Teachings”: Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist. Connecting wit ...

Index absolutism 11, 38, 77, 135, 269, 276–8, 428 Academy of Arts 376, 381, 389 Academy of Sciences, the 274–5, 284, 312, 337 – ...

reasserted orthodoxies—in Europe the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, in Eurasia energized forms of Islam and Buddhism. Apoc ...

Arabia 32, 458 Aral Sea 46, 195 architecture 10–11, 43, 73, 107, 110–11, 141 – 7, 157, 158, 204, 228, 251, 253, 272, 274–6, 282, ...

visions of representative government, but all sides wielded the concept of social contract to legitimize power. A striking aspec ...

Belgrade 32 Beloozero 50, 177, 202, 250 Beloozero, Lake 342 Bel’skiis, Princes, the 149, 210– 11 Belyi Iar 69 Bender 401 Bentley ...

chap. 2 (with particular attention to Europe and China). On its effect in China, see Timothy Brook,The Troubled Empire: China in ...

Buriats 63–5, 85–6, 89, 287, 401– 2 Bursa 32, 235 Bushkovitch, Paul 242, 250, 252, 262, 277, 365, 369, 398 Byzantine culture/sty ...

(London: Penguin, 2007); Herman van der Wee,“Structural Changes in European Long-Distance Trade, and Particularly in the Re-expo ...

Chesme, naval battle of 17, 276, 298, 452 children 227, 319, 364, 381–2, 395, 419, 431 – 2 China 2, 12, 21, 25–6, 32–4, 84, 89, ...

2 De Facto Empire The Rise of Moscow Russia owed its stunning rise to European geopolitical power by the late eighteenth century ...

Cossack Hetmanatesee underHetmanate, the Cossack rebellion, the 14, 68, 72, 75–8, 110, 123, 162, 167, 172, 192, 230–1, 242, 335, ...

had conquered and then exchanged them in Constantinople for luxury goods otherwise unavailable in Rus’. The process...is usually ...