The Russian Empire 1450–1801

Cyrillic script 301 Czechs 42 Dagestanis 97 Dale, Stephen 192 Damascus 32 Daniil (Metropolitan) 250, 252, 255 Daniil Aleksandrov ...

one can trace in tenth- and eleventh-century documents. While a 907 treaty of Rus’ Prince Oleg listed his emissaries as Karl, Fa ...

Eastern Orthodoxy (cont.) Georgian 244 Greek 244, 255 Syrian 244 Patriarchs of 247–8, 257, 422 Alexandria 244 Antioch 244 Consta ...

invented the title of“Grand Principality of Vladimir.”In 1253 the ambitious princes of Galicia and Volhynia on trade routes to H ...

flight from 58, 68;see alsoserfs, runaway exemption from 60 environment, the 66, 225, 338 degradation of 33, 39 Erichsen, Vigili ...

ruled through the intermediaries of the Moscow princes. The East Slavs and Finno- Ugric peoples of the forest therefore had litt ...

foreigners in Russia 96, 105, 112–14, 116, 141, 150, 187, 190, 197–8, 202, 204–6, 216, 239, 295, 299, 325, 331, 336, 381, 386, 3 ...

reaching out for military help from the Kingdom of Poland, in 1387 the Gedyminide dynasty formed an alliance with Poland and ado ...

strategies of 7, 34–5, 107, 335, 352, 387, 390;see alsorulers, strategies of government, the 193, 212, 274, 306–7, 311, 399, 431 ...

expanded eastward across a great rural hinterland extending to the Urals; it was farmed in the city’s immediate environs, but pr ...

Iaguzhinskii, Pavel 277 Iaik River 58, 62, 69, 71, 88, 90, 93, 95 – 6, 371 Iakolevs, the 320 Iakovenko, Natalia 73 Iakut, the 29 ...

In thefirst half of thefifteenth century, both Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania suffered internal succession struggles, b ...

Ivan II (Prince of Moscow) 210 Ivan III (Grand Prince) 10, 12, 48–51, 130, 134, 136, 138, 141, 148–9, 173, 203 actions of 129, 2 ...

became the Russians, but also to Ukrainians and Belarus’ans. As a political entity, Russian history begins with the rise of Mosc ...

Khiatka, Treaty of 36, 85, 196, 324 Khlynov (Viatka) 51 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 14, 75–8, 110, 192 Khmelnytsky rebellionseeCossack r ...

multiple strategies, including marital connections, purchase, intimidation, and conquest, to subordinate them: Riazan’(1456–1521 ...

nomads, and Central Asia sold silks, spices,fish, salt, livestock, rice, nuts, and oils, in exchange for European woolens, Russi ...

purchase of 307, 382 reclamation of 118 surveys of 178 tenure 164 landholders 50, 73, 75, 77, 89, 100, 164, 168, 211, 214–15, 32 ...

Chernigov (giving Moscow access to the Desna, a key tributary of the Dnieper). There ensued almost a century of non-stop wars be ...

law and order 232, 269–71, 303, 348, 379–81, 386 – 7, 434, 451;see alsopolice/ policing Lawcodes and decrees 461 of 1497 176, 18 ...