Encyclopedia of Islam

Quran (Arabic: recitation, reading) The Quran is the sacred scripture of islam. Mus- lims believe it contains the infallible wor ...

verses that vary in length from one letter (Q 50:1) or word (Q 89:1) to several sentences (Q 5:40). All chapters but one (Q 9) b ...

and punishments people have experienced in history because of their belief or disbelief. In several chapters linked to the Medin ...

Uthman ibn aFFan (r. 644–656) ordered a com- mittee headed by Zayd ibn Thabit (d. ca. 655), Muhammad’s scribe, to establish a si ...

the Quran is also quoted in Friday sermons, and quranic phrases have even entered everyday speech, especially in countries where ...

of his grandsons, Hashim, was Muhammad’s great grandfather. He was known for his involvement in the caravan trade and was respon ...

Qutb, Sayyid (1906–1966) leading ideologue of the Muslim Brotherhood Sayyid Qutb is widely considered today to be one of the fou ...

of Qutb’s thought would have been inconceivable before his time. See also Jihad movements; reneWal and reForm movements. Joshua ...

578 J:AF Rabia al-Adawiyya (Rabia al-Basriyya, Rabia al-Qaysiyya) (ca. 717–801) legendary female Muslim mystic and saint, consid ...

feminist writer Leila Ahmed has depicted her as a social rebel whose example has inspired Muslim women to free themselves from t ...

Further reading: Frederick Denny and Earle Waugh, eds., The Shaping of an American Islamic Discourse: A Memorial to Fazlur Rahma ...

of Fatima (Muhammad’s daughter and mother of the Shii Imams), the assassination of ali ibn abi talib (the fourth caliph and firs ...

in order to resist colonialism and Western domi- nation. They encouraged Muslims to base their actions on the Quran and sUnna an ...

regrouped under a new party—Refah—of which Erbakan took control when his ban was lifted in The party grew steadily in strength, ...

cross-migrations of Muslims from India to paki- stan and Sikhs and Hindus from Pakistan to India. It is estimated that more than ...

ses can be expected to expand should conflict in the region continue. Other significant refugee populations in Mus- lim-majority ...

“Let there be a community among you that calls people to the good and commands what is right and forbids what is wrong” (Q 3:104 ...

is not offered by the Quran and Sunna. Although conservative ulama have regarded this method of legal reasoning cautiously, pref ...

was the one initiated by Muhammad ibn abd al- Wahhab (d. 1792) in Arabia, which was directed against what he regarded to be un-I ...

Mamadiou Dia, and Amina Wadud. These indi- viduals come from many different backgrounds and they address a wide range of issues, ...