A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Use Glitazones lower blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who are inadequately con- tr ...

FURTHER READING American Diabetes Association. Implications of the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes1993; 42 : ...

●Introduction 292 ●Pathophysiology and principles of treatment 292 ●Iodine 292 ●Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine 293 ●Antithyroid ...

deficiency. Potassium iodide (3 mg daily p.o.) prevents further enlargement of the gland, but seldom actually shrinks it. Iodize ...

and interferes with the generation of oxygen radicals by macrophages, thereby interfering with the presentation of anti- gen to ...

SPECIALSITUATIONS 295 fertility. It is contraindicated during pregnancy because it dam- ages the fetus, causing congenital hypot ...

296 THYROID FURTHER READING Cooper DS. Drug therapy: antithyroid drugs. New England Journal of Medicine2005; 352 : 905–17. Frank ...

●Introduction 297 ●Vitamin D 297 ●Calcium 298 ●Treatment of hypercalcaemia 299 ●Bisphosphonates 299 ●Calcitonin 300 ●Strontium r ...

298 CALCIUM METABOLISM Calcium and ergocalciferoltablets provide a physiological dose of vitamin D. They are used in the prophy ...

BISPHOSPHONATES 299 effective in life-threatening hyperkalaemia-induced cardiac dysrhythmias (Chapter 32). Calcium and vitamin D ...

300 CALCIUM METABOLISM Pharmacokinetics Bisphosphonates are incompletely absorbed ( 10%) and food and antacids further reduce ab ...

CINACALCET 301 Further reading Block GA, Martin KJ, de Francisco ALM et al. Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in pati ...

●Adrenal cortex 302 ●Adrenal medulla 305 CHAPTER 40 40 Adrenal hormones ADRENAL CORTEX The adrenal cortex secretes: glucocortic ...

ADRENALCORTEX 303 Table 40.1:Actions of cortisol and consequences of under- and over-secretion Actions Deficiency Excess Carbohy ...

304 ADRENAL HORMONES inflamed bursae to provide a localized anti-inflammatory effect. Hydrocortisonecream is relatively low in p ...

ADRENALMEDULLA 305 injection may be useful, but if done repeatedly carries a substan- tial risk of damage to the joint. Low dose ...

306 ADRENAL HORMONES FURTHER READING Arlt W, Allolio B. Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet 2003; 361 : 1881–93. Cooper MS, Stewart PM ...

●Female reproductive endocrinology 307 ●Male reproductive endocrinology 313 CHAPTER 41 REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY CONTRIBUTION B ...

308 REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY gynaecomastia and impotence are predictable dose-depend- ent effects. There is an increased risk ...

FEMALEREPRODUCTIVEENDOCRINOLOGY 309 Key point The main mechanism of action of the combined oral contraceptive is suppression of ...