A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

other infections, for example Staphylococcus epidermidisendo- carditis, and is given orally for pseudomembranous colitis caused ...

basic quinolone structure dramatically increased the antibacter- ial potency of the more modern quinolones, particularly against ...

Table 43.2: New antibacterial agents Linezolid Moxifloxacin Telithromycin Ertapenem Antibiotic class Oxazolidinone Fluoroquinolo ...

FURTHER READING British National Formulary, http://www.bnf.org. COMMONLYPRESCRIBEDANTIBACTERIALDRUGS 333 Case history A 70-year- ...

●Introduction 334 ●Principles of management of Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfections 335 ●First-line drugs in tuberculosis therap ...

PRINCIPLES OFMANAGEMENT OFMYCOBACTERIUMTUBERCULOSISINFECTIONS 335 rifampicin,pyrazinamideandethambutol(orstreptomycin) is admini ...

and considered non-infectious when they have been treated for at least 14 days and three sputum examinations are negative during ...

Pharmacokinetics Absorption from the gut is almost complete, but delayed by food.Rifampicinpenetrates well into most tissues, ca ...

Mechanism of action Like other aminoglycosides, it is actively transported across the bacterial cell wall, and its antibacterial ...

MYCOBACTERIUMLEPRAEINFECTION 339 MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAEINFECTION Leprosy manifests in two forms, lepromatoid (the organism being l ...

●Antifungal drug therapy 340 ●Antiviral drug therapy (excluding anti-HIV drugs) 344 ●Interferons and antiviral hepatitis therapy ...

ANTIFUNGALDRUGTHERAPY 341 POLYENES AMPHOTERICIN B Uses Amphotericinis invaluable in treating life-threatening sys- temic fungal ...

342 FUNGAL AND NON-HIVVIRAL INFECTIONS Ketoconazolewas the first imidazole to be used therapeut- ically but it has been supersed ...

ANTIFUNGALDRUGTHERAPY 343 therapy is adequate though more frequent dosing is required for voriconazole. Adverse effects include ...

344 FUNGAL AND NON-HIVVIRAL INFECTIONS It is excreted unchanged by glomerular filtration ( 10% of a dose is metabolized). The no ...

ANTIVIRALDRUGTHERAPY(EXCLUDINGANTI-HIV DRUGS) 345 NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES ACICLOVIR Uses Acicloviris effective against herpes (simp ...

FOSCARNET (TRISODIUM PHOSPHONOFORMATE) Uses Foscarnetis active against several important viruses, notably HIV-1 and all human he ...

ANTIVIRALDRUGTHERAPY(EXCLUDINGANTI-HIV DRUGS) 347 ganciclovir, yielding a ganciclovirbioavailability of 60%. Ganciclovirhas a me ...

348 FUNGAL AND NON-HIVVIRAL INFECTIONS ANTI-INFLUENZA AGENTS AMANTADINE (OR RIMANTADINE) Amantadineis effective in preventing th ...

INTERFERONS ANDANTIVIRALHEPATITISTHERAPY 349 Uses Interferon-αwhen combined with ribavirin(see above) pro- vides effective thera ...